Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which grade of cardiac allograft rejection is characterized by diffuse infiltrate with multifocal myocyte damage and may present with edema, hemorrhage, and vasculitis?
Which grade of cardiac allograft rejection is characterized by diffuse infiltrate with multifocal myocyte damage and may present with edema, hemorrhage, and vasculitis?
What is the gold standard for diagnosing cardiac allograft rejection?
What is the gold standard for diagnosing cardiac allograft rejection?
Which cells are predominantly involved in acute cellular rejection?
Which cells are predominantly involved in acute cellular rejection?
What is the main mechanism of injury in antibody-mediated cardiac rejection?
What is the main mechanism of injury in antibody-mediated cardiac rejection?
Signup and view all the answers
When does antibody-mediated cardiac rejection typically occur after transplantation?
When does antibody-mediated cardiac rejection typically occur after transplantation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which patients are at greater risk for developing antibody-mediated cardiac rejection?
Which patients are at greater risk for developing antibody-mediated cardiac rejection?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the treatment for antibody-mediated cardiac rejection?
What is the treatment for antibody-mediated cardiac rejection?
Signup and view all the answers
What does asymptomatic antibody-mediated rejection may portend a higher risk of developing?
What does asymptomatic antibody-mediated rejection may portend a higher risk of developing?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the histologic features of antibody-mediated cardiac rejection?
What are the histologic features of antibody-mediated cardiac rejection?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the clinical manifestations of antibody-mediated cardiac rejection?
What are the clinical manifestations of antibody-mediated cardiac rejection?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of rejection primarily targets the cardiac myocyte?
Which type of rejection primarily targets the cardiac myocyte?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of rejection is characterized by immune complex formation in small vessels, often in the absence of inflammation?
Which type of rejection is characterized by immune complex formation in small vessels, often in the absence of inflammation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of rejection primarily targets the endothelial cells of the epicardial coronary arteries?
Which type of rejection primarily targets the endothelial cells of the epicardial coronary arteries?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of rejection is caused by pre-formed antibodies in a presensitized patient?
Which type of rejection is caused by pre-formed antibodies in a presensitized patient?
Signup and view all the answers
When does acute (cellular) rejection typically develop after a transplant?
When does acute (cellular) rejection typically develop after a transplant?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common form of rejection?
What is the most common form of rejection?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the gold standard procedure for assessing cardiac rejection?
What is the gold standard procedure for assessing cardiac rejection?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are most biopsies performed through for surveillance endomyocardial biopsy?
Where are most biopsies performed through for surveillance endomyocardial biopsy?
Signup and view all the answers
When are frequent biopsies typically performed during the patient follow-up?
When are frequent biopsies typically performed during the patient follow-up?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main cause of graft failure after 1 year?
What is the main cause of graft failure after 1 year?
Signup and view all the answers
Which grade of cardiac allograft rejection is characterized by diffuse infiltrate with multifocal myocyte damage and may present with edema, hemorrhage, and vasculitis?
Which grade of cardiac allograft rejection is characterized by diffuse infiltrate with multifocal myocyte damage and may present with edema, hemorrhage, and vasculitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What grade has no histopathologic findings?
What grade has no histopathologic findings?
Signup and view all the answers
Which grade of cardiac allograft rejection is characterized by interstitial and/or perivascular infiltrate with up to 1 focus of myocyte damage?
Which grade of cardiac allograft rejection is characterized by interstitial and/or perivascular infiltrate with up to 1 focus of myocyte damage?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the histopathologic finding in Grade 2R of cardiac allograft rejection?
What is the histopathologic finding in Grade 2R of cardiac allograft rejection?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the histopathologic finding in Grade 3R of cardiac allograft rejection?
What is the histopathologic finding in Grade 3R of cardiac allograft rejection?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of rejection primarily targets the endothelial cells by complement-mediated pathways and is classically devoid of significant lymphocytic response?
Which type of rejection primarily targets the endothelial cells by complement-mediated pathways and is classically devoid of significant lymphocytic response?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main mechanism of injury in antibody-mediated cardiac rejection?
What is the main mechanism of injury in antibody-mediated cardiac rejection?
Signup and view all the answers
Which grade of cardiac allograft rejection is characterized by diffuse infiltrate with multifocal myocyte damage and may present with edema, hemorrhage, and vasculitis?
Which grade of cardiac allograft rejection is characterized by diffuse infiltrate with multifocal myocyte damage and may present with edema, hemorrhage, and vasculitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the gold standard for diagnosing cardiac allograft rejection?
What is the gold standard for diagnosing cardiac allograft rejection?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the clinical manifestations of cardiac allograft vasculopathy?
What are the clinical manifestations of cardiac allograft vasculopathy?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the histologic features of cardiac allograft vasculopathy?
What are the histologic features of cardiac allograft vasculopathy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main cause of graft failure after 1 year?
What is the main cause of graft failure after 1 year?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of rejection is caused by a pre sensitized patient with antibodies agent the transplant antigens, typically the endothelium?
Which type of rejection is caused by a pre sensitized patient with antibodies agent the transplant antigens, typically the endothelium?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of rejection is characterized by diffuse intimal hyperplastic lesions that compromise vascular flow and cause ischemia that develops months to years after transplantation?
Which type of rejection is characterized by diffuse intimal hyperplastic lesions that compromise vascular flow and cause ischemia that develops months to years after transplantation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main limitation of long-term success of heart transplantation, with close epidemiologic relation to graft failure and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease?
What is the main limitation of long-term success of heart transplantation, with close epidemiologic relation to graft failure and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most important cause of death after 1 year of heart transplantation?
What is the most important cause of death after 1 year of heart transplantation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the grade of rejection characterized by diffuse infiltrate with multifocal myocyte damage and may present with edema, hemorrhage, and vasculitis?
What is the grade of rejection characterized by diffuse infiltrate with multifocal myocyte damage and may present with edema, hemorrhage, and vasculitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the gold standard for diagnosing cardiac allograft rejection?
What is the gold standard for diagnosing cardiac allograft rejection?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the histopathologic finding in Grade 1R of cardiac allograft rejection?
What is the histopathologic finding in Grade 1R of cardiac allograft rejection?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main mechanism of injury in antibody-mediated cardiac rejection?
What is the main mechanism of injury in antibody-mediated cardiac rejection?
Signup and view all the answers
When does acute (cellular) rejection typically develop after a heart transplant?
When does acute (cellular) rejection typically develop after a heart transplant?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are most biopsies performed for surveillance endomyocardial biopsy?
Where are most biopsies performed for surveillance endomyocardial biopsy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cells are part of the innate immunity in host defense against microbes?
Which cells are part of the innate immunity in host defense against microbes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of cytokines in the activation of vascular smooth muscle cells?
What is the role of cytokines in the activation of vascular smooth muscle cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which infection is listed as a risk factor for graft failure?
Which infection is listed as a risk factor for graft failure?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the risk factors for graft vessel injuries in cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV)?
What are the risk factors for graft vessel injuries in cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of rejection is characterized by acute fibrinoid necrosis of vessel walls and occlusion of lumens by precipitated fibrin and cellular debris?
Which type of rejection is characterized by acute fibrinoid necrosis of vessel walls and occlusion of lumens by precipitated fibrin and cellular debris?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary diagnostic tool for cardiac allograft vasculopathy?
What is the primary diagnostic tool for cardiac allograft vasculopathy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main mechanism of injury in cardiac allograft vasculopathy?
What is the main mechanism of injury in cardiac allograft vasculopathy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the morphologic result of cardiac allograft vasculopathy?
What is the morphologic result of cardiac allograft vasculopathy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main cause of Coronary Artery Transplant Vasculopathy (CAV)?
What is the main cause of Coronary Artery Transplant Vasculopathy (CAV)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary site of involvement in cardiac allograft vasculopathy?
What is the primary site of involvement in cardiac allograft vasculopathy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the histopathologic finding in Grade 2R of cardiac allograft rejection?
What is the histopathologic finding in Grade 2R of cardiac allograft rejection?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for atherosclerosis?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for atherosclerosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of vasculopathy is characterized by concentric intimal hyperplasia composed predominantly of smooth muscle cells and their associated extracellular matrix?
Which type of vasculopathy is characterized by concentric intimal hyperplasia composed predominantly of smooth muscle cells and their associated extracellular matrix?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of vasculopathy can involve the entire arterial tree within a transplanted organ?
Which type of vasculopathy can involve the entire arterial tree within a transplanted organ?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of vasculopathy typically takes several years to become clinically significant?
Which type of vasculopathy typically takes several years to become clinically significant?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of vasculopathy becomes clinically significant in 50% of patients within 5 years after transplantation?
Which type of vasculopathy becomes clinically significant in 50% of patients within 5 years after transplantation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cells are damaged by activated recipient immune cells in coronary allograft vasculopathy?
Which cells are damaged by activated recipient immune cells in coronary allograft vasculopathy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of rejection is characterized by T-cell infiltrate and moderate myocyte necrosis?
Which type of rejection is characterized by T-cell infiltrate and moderate myocyte necrosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of vascular lesion is characteristic of atherosclerosis?
Which type of vascular lesion is characteristic of atherosclerosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of rejection primarily targets the luminal endothelial cells?
Which type of rejection primarily targets the luminal endothelial cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of rejection is characterized by coronary artery narrowing and pruning?
Which type of rejection is characterized by coronary artery narrowing and pruning?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of rejection is immediate and mediated by preformed antibodies to graft endothelium?
Which type of rejection is immediate and mediated by preformed antibodies to graft endothelium?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of rejection is characterized by T-cell infiltrate and moderate myocyte necrosis?
Which type of rejection is characterized by T-cell infiltrate and moderate myocyte necrosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of rejection typically occurs within days to months after transplantation and has complement deposition?
Which type of rejection typically occurs within days to months after transplantation and has complement deposition?
Signup and view all the answers
