Questions and Answers
What is the rate of normal sinus rhythm?
What is the PR interval for normal sinus rhythm?
0.12-0.20 second
What is sinus bradycardia?
A heart rate of 40-60 bpm with a regular rhythm.
What is the heart rate range for sinus tachycardia?
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In sinus arrhythmia, the rhythm is regular.
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What distinguishes sinus pause due to sinus arrest?
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What happens in a premature atrial complex (PAC)?
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How does atrial fibrillation affect P waves?
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What characterizes junctional escape rhythm?
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In first degree heart block, the PR interval is __________.
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Which type of heart block has more P waves than QRS complexes?
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What is the heart rate range for accelerated junctional rhythm?
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How is the PR interval characterized in second degree heart block type 2?
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Study Notes
Normal Sinus Rhythm
- Rate: 60-100 bpm
- Rhythm: Regular
- P Wave: Normal, precedes each QRS
- PR Interval: 0.12-0.20 seconds
- QRS Duration: Less than or equal to 0.10 seconds
Sinus Bradycardia
- Rate: 40-60 bpm
- Rhythm: Regular
- P Wave: Normal, precedes each QRS
- PR Interval: 0.12-0.20 seconds
- QRS Duration: Less than or equal to 0.10 seconds
Sinus Tachycardia
- Rate: 100-180 bpm
- Rhythm: Regular
- P Wave: Normal, precedes each QRS
- PR Interval: 0.12-0.20 seconds
- QRS Duration: Less than 0.10 seconds
Sinus Arrhythmia
- Rate: 60-100 bpm
- Rhythm: Irregular
- P Wave: Normal, precedes each QRS
- PR Interval: 0.12-0.20 seconds
- QRS Duration: Less than or equal to 0.10 seconds
Sinus Pause: Sinus Arrest
- Rate: Basic rhythm 60-100 bpm, may slow with pause
- Rhythm: Regular, irregular with pause; rhythm does not resume on time
- P Wave: Normal, precedes each QRS
- PR Interval: 0.12-0.20 seconds
- QRS Duration: Less than or equal to 0.10 seconds
Sinus Pause: Sinus Exit Block
- Rate: Basic rhythm 60-100 bpm, may slow with pause
- Rhythm: Regular, irregular with pause; rhythm resumes on time after pause
- P Wave: Normal, precedes each QRS
- PR Interval: 0.12-0.20 seconds
- QRS Duration: Less than or equal to 0.10 seconds
Premature Atrial Complex (PAC)
- Rate: That of underlying rhythm
- Rhythm: Irregular due to PACs
- P Wave: Early and may be distorted; can appear in bigeminy, trigeminy, or quadreminy patterns
- PR Interval: Usually 0.12-0.20 seconds
- QRS Duration: Less than 0.10 seconds
Non-Conducted Premature Atrial Complex (PAC)
- Rate: That of underlying rhythm
- Rhythm: Irregular due to PACs
- P Wave: Premature, abnormal, may be found in preceding T wave (appears as a notch)
- PR Interval: Usually 0.12-0.20 seconds
- QRS Duration: Absence at site, less than or equal to 0.10 seconds
Atrial Tachycardia
- Rate: Greater than 160 bpm
- Rhythm: Regular
- P Wave: Usually hidden in preceding T wave
- PR Interval: If present, 0.12-0.20 seconds
- QRS Duration: Less than 0.10 seconds
Atrial Fibrillation
- Rate: Varies
- Rhythm: Irregular
- P Waves: Fibrillatory waves, appear quivering
- PR Interval: Not measurable
- QRS Duration: Less than 0.10 seconds, indicating it is not ventricular fibrillation
Atrial Flutter
- Rate: Varies
- Rhythm: Regular or irregular
- P Waves: Saw-toothed f waves
- PR Interval: Not measurable
- QRS Duration: Less than 0.10 seconds, completely normal
Premature Junctional Complex
- Rate: That of underlying rhythm
- Rhythm: Irregular due to PJC
- P Wave: Early, hidden, or inverted before or after QRS
- PR Interval: Short, usually less than 0.12 seconds
- QRS Duration: Premature, less than or equal to 0.10 seconds
Junctional Escape Rhythm
- Rate: 40-60 bpm
- Rhythm: Regular
- P Wave: Hidden or inverted before or after QRS
- PR Interval: Short, usually less than 0.12 seconds
- QRS Duration: Less than or equal to 0.10 seconds
Accelerated Junctional Rhythm
- Rate: 60-100 bpm
- Rhythm: Regular
- P Wave: Hidden or inverted before or after QRS
- PR Interval: Short, usually less than 0.12 seconds
- QRS Duration: Less than or equal to 0.10 seconds
Junctional Tachycardia
- Rate: 100-160 bpm
- Rhythm: Regular
- P Wave: Hidden or inverted before or after QRS
- PR Interval: Short, usually less than 0.12 seconds
- QRS Duration: Less than or equal to 0.10 seconds
First Degree Heart Block
- Rate: That of the underlying rhythm
- Rhythm: Regular
- P Wave: Normal, precedes each QRS
- PR Interval: Prolonged; greater than 0.20 seconds
- QRS Duration: Less than or equal to 0.10 seconds
Second Degree Heart Block Type 1
- Rate: That of the underlying rhythm
- Rhythm: Irregular
- P Wave: More P waves than QRS
- PR Interval: Progressively longer, usually in groupings
- QRS Duration: Less than or equal to 0.10 seconds
Second Degree Heart Block Type 2
- Rate: That of the underlying rhythm
- Rhythm: Regular or irregular
- P Waves: More P waves than QRS
- PR Interval: Fixed and equal
- QRS Duration: Normal or wide
Third Degree Heart Block
- Rate: That of underlying rhythm
- Rhythm: Regular
- P Wave: More P waves than QRS, no relationship to QRS
- PR Interval: Varies greatly, but R to R's and P to P's are constant
- QRS Duration: Normal or wide
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Description
Test your understanding of cardiac dysrhythmias with these flashcards. Each card provides key information such as rate, rhythm, and wave characteristics to help you master normal sinus rhythm and its variations. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals studying cardiology.
