Cardiac Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the typical resting heart rate?

  • 120-150 beats per minute
  • 40-60 beats per minute
  • 80-120 beats per minute
  • 60-100 beats per minute (correct)

    • What is the intrinsic firing rate of the SA node?

  • 40-60 beats per minute
  • 60-100 beats per minute
  • 100-150 beats per minute (correct)
  • 150-200 beats per minute

    • How does vagal tone normally affect the resting heart rate?

  • Stabilizes it
  • Increases it
  • Has no effect on it
  • Decreases it (correct)

    • What is the heart rate range associated with maximum cardiac output?

    <p>90-110 beats per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors influence heart rate through the detection of blood pressure changes?

    <p>Baroreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of norepinephrine on heart rate?

    <p>Increases heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of potassium levels on heart rate?

    <p>Decreases heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Frank–Starling law match stroke volume to venous return?

    <p>By increasing stroke volume as venous return increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the definitions and cardiac effects of positive and negative inotropic agents?

    <p>Positive inotropic agents increase contractility, while negative inotropic agents decrease contractility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for abnormally fast resting heart rate?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are preload, contractility, and afterload related to stroke volume?

    <p>Preload and contractility both increase stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of acetylcholine on heart rate?

    <p>Inhibiting SA node firing rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of well-conditioned athletes on resting heart rates?

    <p>They have unusually low resting heart rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does sympathetic nervous system affect heart rate?

    <p>By increasing the firing rate of the SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do proprioceptors, baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors influence in relation to heart rate?

    <p>The rate and rhythm of the heartbeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of digitalis on contractility?

    <p>It increases contractility by stimulating calcium entry into myocardial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the maximum amount of blood that can be ejected from the ventricle?

    <p>Stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone affects heart rate by increasing the firing rate of the SA node?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of certain diseases on cardiac output through afterload?

    <p>They reduce cardiac output by increasing afterload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vagal tone in relation to the resting heart rate?

    <p>Vagal tone decreases the resting heart rate by inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do potassium levels affect heart rate?

    <p>High potassium levels decrease heart rate by inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of positive chronotropic agents on heart rate?

    <p>They increase heart rate by inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do well-conditioned athletes affect resting heart rates?

    <p>Well-conditioned athletes have lower resting heart rates due to increased parasympathetic nervous system activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of calcium on myocardial contractility?

    <p>Calcium increases contractility by increasing the firing rate of the SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do certain diseases reduce cardiac output through afterload?

    <p>Certain diseases increase afterload, leading to a reduction in cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of baroreceptors in influencing heart rate?

    <p>Baroreceptors decrease heart rate by detecting high blood pressure and stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does exercise increase cardiac output?

    <p>Exercise increases cardiac output by primarily increasing stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of norepinephrine on heart rate?

    <p>Increases the firing rate of the SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does vagal tone normally hold the resting heart rate below the intrinsic firing rate of the SA node?

    <p>By increasing the release of acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cardiac effects of negative inotropic agents?

    <p>Decrease myocardial contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do certain diseases reduce cardiac output by increasing afterload?

    <p>By decreasing myocardial contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of calcium on myocardial contractility?

    <p>Increases myocardial contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of potassium levels on heart rate?

    <p>Increases heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal mechanism by which exercise increases cardiac output?

    <p>By increasing sympathetic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for abnormally slow resting heart rate?

    <p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the heart rate range associated with maximum cardiac output?

    <p>100-120 beats per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does norepinephrine affect contractility?

    <p>Increases contractility by promoting the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical resting heart rate?

    <p>60-100 beats per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on heart rate?

    <p>Increases heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of norepinephrine on heart rate?

    <p>Increases heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Frank–Starling law of the heart match stroke volume to venous return?

    <p>By increasing stroke volume with increased venous return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intrinsic firing rate of the SA node?

    <p>$100 beats per minute$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hormones affect heart rate?

    <p>By changing the firing rate of the SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do certain diseases have on cardiac output through afterload?

    <p>Increase cardiac output by increasing afterload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does exercise influence cardiac output?

    <p>By increasing cardiac output through increased heart rate and stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of potassium levels on heart rate?

    <p>$Decreasing potassium levels increases heart rate$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effects do positive inotropic agents have on the heart?

    <p>Increase contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of well-conditioned athletes on resting heart rates?

    <p>Decreasing resting heart rates due to increased vagal tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the sympathetic nervous system affect heart rate?

    <p>It increases heart rate by stimulating the SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical resting heart rate and how does it change with age?

    <p>60-100 bpm and decreases with age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hormones affect heart rate?

    <p>Their effect on heart rate varies depending on the hormone and its mechanism of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanisms by which exercise increases cardiac output?

    <p>By increasing contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the definitions and cardiac effects of negative inotropic agents?

    <p>They decrease contractility and stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do certain diseases reduce cardiac output by increasing afterload?

    <p>By increasing the resistance to blood flow in the blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intrinsic firing rate of the SA node and how does vagal tone normally hold the resting heart rate below this?

    <p>$100-150$ bpm and vagal tone decreases firing rate to $60-100$ bpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of preload, contractility, and afterload, and how each one affects stroke volume?

    <p>They have distinct effects on stroke volume by influencing ventricular filling and ejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do norepinephrine, glucagon, and digitalis affect contractility?

    <p>They all increase contractility by stimulating myocardial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

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