Cardiac Output Regulation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

According to the information provided, what is the effect of an increase in preload on the slope of the cardiac output curve?

The slope of the curve remains unchanged.

The slope of the curve increases. (correct)

The slope of the curve becomes non-linear.

The slope of the curve decreases.

What is the effect of an increase in afterload on the slope of the cardiac output curve?

The slope of the curve remains unchanged.

The slope of the curve becomes parabolic.

The slope of the curve decreases. (correct)

The slope of the curve increases.

According to the information provided, what is the effect of an increase in heart rate due to sympathetic stimulation on the inotropic state of the heart?

The inotropic state remains unchanged.

The inotropic state becomes non-linear.

The inotropic state increases. (correct)

The inotropic state decreases.

How does parasympathetic stimulation affect the heart rate?

Parasympathetic stimulation decreases heart rate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum increase in cardiac output that the heart can achieve without external stimulation, according to the information provided?

The heart can pump a cardiac output 2.5 times more than normal. Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of increased inotropy on ejection fraction?

Ejection fraction increases Signup and view all the answers

In heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, what is the typical status of inotropy?

Decreased inotropy Signup and view all the answers

How does increased preload affect the inotropic state of the heart?

Increases inotropy Signup and view all the answers

If preload is increased, what is the effect on myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2)?

MVO2 increases slightly Signup and view all the answers

If afterload is increased, what is the expected effect on MVO2?

MVO2 increases proportionately Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors has the greatest impact on increasing MVO2?

Increased heart rate Signup and view all the answers

If a positive inotropic stimulus is applied, what is the expected effect on MVO2?

MVO2 increases proportionately Signup and view all the answers

How do changes in afterload affect the cardiac cycle?

Lengthen systole duration Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a rise in afterload have on ejection fraction?

Ejection fraction falls Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between heart rate and MVO2?

A 50% increase in heart rate causes a 50% increase in MVO2 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Regulation of Heart Function

The heart can pump 2.5 times more blood than normal without external stimulation, highlighting its innate contractile ability.
Heart rate and inotropy (contractility) have a direct relationship, meaning an increase in one leads to an increase in the other.

Factors Affecting Myocardial Oxygen Consumption

Heart rate: a 50% increase in heart rate leads to a proportionate 50% increase in myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2).
Inotropy: a positive inotropic stimulus increases MVO2 proportionately.
Afterload: an increase in afterload leads to a proportionate increase in MVO2.
Preload: an increase in preload results in a smaller increase in MVO2.

Heart Failure

Heart failure can occur with either reduced ejection fraction or preserved ejection fraction, emphasizing the complexity of heart function and its regulation.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the regulation of cardiac output. Learn about the factors that can influence the pumping capacity of the heart and how external stimuli affect cardiac performance.