40 Questions
Which of the following medications increases the force of myocardial contraction?
Dobutamine
Which of the following medications decreases the heart rate?
Atenolol
Which of the following medications blocks the effects of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system?
Propranolol
Which of the following is a normal range for BNP (Brain Natriuretic Peptide) levels?
50-100
Which of the following hormones tells the kidneys to decrease renin and aldosterone production when blood pressure is too high?
BNP
Which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, such as CAD, CVA, and PVD?
Homocysteine
Which medication lowers both preload and afterload by blocking peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)?
Procardia
What is the mechanism of action of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE-I)?
They have a high affinity for ACE and bind to Angiotensin II
Which electrolyte is needed for blood coagulability, neuromuscular activity, and regulation of cardiac contraction and relaxation?
Calcium
What is the major role of Magnesium in the body?
Muscular contraction
Which of the following is a common sign/symptom of deviations from normal cardiac output?
Reduced urine output
What effect does a positive inotrope have on the heart?
Increases contractility
Which medication is a negative inotrope?
Beta blockers
Which medication is a positive chronotrope?
Atropine
Which medication blocks the effects of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system?
Beta blockers
Which medication decreases the heart rate?
Beta blockers
What is the primary effect of beta adrenergic blockers?
Decreased contractility
What is the primary effect of calcium channel blockers?
Increased compliance of great vessels
Which of the following medications blocks movement of Ca+ into cardiac and smooth muscle cells?
Calcium channel blockers
Which of the following is a common sign/symptom of cardiogenic shock?
Peripheral cyanosis
Which medication is known to cause ACE-I induced cough in up to 20% of patients?
ACE Inhibitor
Which medication is used for rate control in patients with heart failure?
Lanoxin
Which electrolyte is needed for absorption of calcium and maintenance of potassium stores?
Magnesium
Which electrolyte imbalance increases the risk for atrial or ventricular tachycardias?
Hypomagnesemia
Which electrolyte imbalance can lead to prolonged PR interval and QRS complex and high T wave?
Hypocalcemia
Which electrolyte imbalance can cause tachycardia that transitions to bradycardia and depresses contractility and excitability of the myocardium?
Hypermagnesemia
Which lab test measures the extrinsic pathway activity and is used to monitor the level of anticoagulation with warfarin (Coumadin)?
PT
Which lab test measures the activity of the intrinsic pathway and is used to assess the effects of unfractionated heparin?
PTT
Which lab test is used to monitor the level of anticoagulation with warfarin (Coumadin)?
INR
Which lab test is routinely performed before invasive procedures such as cardiac catheterization and cardiac surgery?
D-dimer
Which of the following is a normal range for aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)?
20-39 s
Which of the following is the role of HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)?
Removes excess cholesterol from arteries
What does BNP (Brain Natriuretic Peptide) indicate when its level is 100?
Suggestive of heart failure
Which of the following hormones increases afterload and peripheral artery resistance?
Aldosterone
What is the role of C-Reactive Protein?
Indicates systemic inflammation
What is Homocysteine linked to in terms of cardiovascular diseases?
Development of atherosclerosis
What does a high level of Homocysteine (>15 mcmol/L) indicate?
Thrombus or clot formation
What is the major role of Magnesium in the body?
Maintains normal heart rhythm
What is the mechanism of action of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE-I)?
Lower both preload and afterload
Which of the following medications decreases the heart rate?
Beta blockers
Test Your Knowledge: Cardiac Output and Effects on the Heart How well do you understand cardiac output and its effects on the heart? Take this quiz to test your knowledge on common signs and symptoms of deviations from normal cardiac output, as well as the dromotropic and inotropic effects on the heart. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of these important concepts.
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