Cardiac Output Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes cardiac output?

  • The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each heartbeat
  • The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction
  • The amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute (correct)
  • The number of beats per minute

    • What is the typical stroke volume for each ventricle?

  • 70 ml (correct)
  • 75 beats per minute
  • The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction
  • The amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute

    • What is the average heart rate?

  • 75 beats per minute (correct)
  • The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each heartbeat
  • 70 ml
  • The amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute

    • Which of the following best defines stroke volume?

    <p>The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines stroke volume?

    <p>Blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to stroke volume during exercise?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation correctly represents cardiac output?

    <p>CO = HR x SV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cardiac output in liters per minute?

    <p>5.25 L/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between stroke volume and venous return?

    <p>Venous return influences stoke volume, stroke volume rises or falls according to stroke volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of blood in the ventricles is pumped with each heartbeat?

    <p>60 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is the critical determinant of stroke volume?

    <p>The strength of the cardiac muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between stroke volume and the volume of venous return?

    <p>They are directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Starling's law of the heart?

    <p>The more the cardiac muscle is stretched, the stronger the contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that modifies heart rate?

    <p>Physical factors ( all of these do)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the autonomic nervous system increases heart rate?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

    <p>Arteries and arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood vessels play a role in exchanges between tissues and blood?

    <p>Capillary beds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood vessels return blood toward the heart?

    <p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for transporting blood to the tissues and back to the heart?

    <p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels return blood toward the heart? Remember the vascular system transports blood to the tissues and back to the heart.

    <p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessels forms a friction-reducing lining? Three layers (tunics) in blood vessels (except the capillaries) the tunicas.

    <p>Tunica intima</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessels is mostly composed of fibrous connective tissue?

    <p>Tunica externa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessels is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Tunica media (Smooth muscle and elastic tissue)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels have a thicker tunica media to withstand changes in pressure?

    <p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels have valves to prevent backflow of blood?

    <p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels have a larger lumen?

    <p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood vessels are only one cell layer thick (tunica intima), to allow for exchanges between blood and tissue to allow for exchanges between blood and tissue?

    <p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are networks of capillaries called?

    <p>Capillary beds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the blood flow through a capillary bed?

    <p>Microcirculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood vessels play a role in exchanges between tissues and blood?

    <p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when precapillary sphincters are closed?

    <p>Blood bypasses the local area via the vascular shunt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of vessels that make up capillary beds?

    <p>Vascular shunt and true capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vessels make up capillary beds?

    <p>Vascular shunt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What guards the entrances to capillary beds?

    <p>Precapillary sphincters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do exchanges with tissue cells occur?

    <p>Capillary walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common predisposing factor for varicose veins?

    <p>Both A and D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural defect that leads to varicose veins?

    <p>Incompetent valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common vascular problem associated with varicose veins?

    <p>Thrombophlebitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery leaves from the left ventricle of the heart?

    <p>Ascending aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery passes through the diaphragm into the abdominopelvic cavity?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery arches to the left?

    <p>Aortic arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is the largest in the body?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the aorta travels downward through the thorax?

    <p>Thoracic aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the aorta passes through the diaphragm into the abdominopelvic cavity?

    <p>Abdominal aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is the largest in the body?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the aorta passes through the diaphragm into the abdominopelvic cavity?

    <p>Abdominal aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery branches off from the brachiocephalic trunk?

    <p>Both B and D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery does the left common carotid artery split into?

    <p>Left internal and external carotid arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery does the left subclavian artery become in the axilla?

    <p>Axillary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery does the left subclavian artery become in the axilla?

    <p>Brachial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is the largest in the body?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels have valves to prevent backflow of blood?

    <p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery does the left subclavian artery become in the axilla? Left subclavian artery branches into the: Vertebral artery and in the. axilla it becomes?

    <p>Brachial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries supply the muscles of the thorax wall?

    <p>Intercostal arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels supply the lungs?

    <p>Bronchial arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels supply the esophagus?

    <p>Esophageal arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is the first branch of the abdominal aorta?

    <p>Left gastric artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies most of the small intestine and first half of the large intestine?

    <p>Superior mesenteric artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branches originate from the celiac trunk?

    <p>Left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the ovaries in females?

    <p>Left and Right gonadal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the testes in males?

    <p>Left and Right gonadal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries serve the muscles of the abdomen and trunk?

    <p>Lumbar arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery serves the second half of the large intestine?

    <p>Inferior mesenteric artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries are the final branches of the aorta?

    <p>Left and right common iliac arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries serve the pelvic organs?

    <p>Internal iliac arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels supply the pelvic organs?

    <p>Internal iliac arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels enter the thigh-----> femoral artery-----> popliteal artery-------> anterior and posterior tibial arteries

    <p>External iliac arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels serve the leg and foot?

    <p>Anterior and posterior tibial arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels drain the head and arms?

    <p>Superior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the superior and inferior venae cavae enter?

    <p>Right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels drain the lower body?

    <p>Inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein drains the lateral aspect of the arm and empties into the axillary vein?

    <p>Cephalic vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein drains the medial aspect of the arm and empties into the brachial vein? Radial and ulnar veins ---->brachial vein -------> axillary vein

    <p>Basilic vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein is joined by the basilic and cephalic veins at the elbow area? These veins drains the arms!

    <p>Median cubital vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Subclavian vein receives venous blood from skin and muscles via external jugular vein, which vein receives venous blood from the arm via the axillary vein?

    <p>Subclavian vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein drains the posterior part of the head?

    <p>Vertebral vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein drains the dural sinuses of the brain?

    <p>Internal jugular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels join to form the superior vena cava?

    <p>Brachiocephalic veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which veins drain the thorax?

    <p>Azygos vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which veins receive venous blood from the subclavian veins, vertebral veins, and internal jugular veins?

    <p>Left and right brachiocephalic veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which veins receive superficial drainage of the legs?

    <p>Great saphenous veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which veins drain the legs?

    <p>Anterior and posterior tibial veins Anterior and Posterior fibial veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms each common iliac vein? The flow Posterior tibial vein ---- popliteal vein ----> femoral vein ------>external iliac vein

    <p>External iliac vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessel drains the right ovary in females and right testicle in males?

    <p>Right gonadal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessel drains the digestive organs and travels through the liver before it enters systemic circulation?

    <p>Hepatic portal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels drain the kidneys?

    <p>Left and right renal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessel drains the digestive organs and passes through the liver before entering systemic circulation?

    <p>Hepatic portal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries supply most of the cerebrum?

    <p>Both B and D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries serve the brain stem and cerebellum?

    <p>Basilar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries join once within the skull to form the basilar artery?

    <p>Vertebral arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries supply the posterior cerebrum?

    <p>Posterior cerebral arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formation of the posterior cerebral arteries?

    <p>Division of the basilar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the basilar artery?

    <p>Supply the posterior cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels are united by small communicating arterial branches to form the circle of Willis?

    <p>Anterior and posterior blood supplies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complete circle of connecting blood vessels called?

    <p>Cerebral arterial circle (circle of willis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the circle of Willis?

    <p>To connect the anterior and posterior blood supplies of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels form the hepatic portal circulation?

    <p>Veins draining the digestive organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the hepatic portal vein carry the blood?

    <p>To the liver for processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organs are drained by the hepatic portal circulation?

    <p>Spleen, pancreas, and digestive organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessel carries blood to the liver for processing before returning to systemic circulation?

    <p>Hepatic portal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hepatic portal vein?

    <p>To carry blood from the liver to the systemic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the hepatic portal vein carry blood to?

    <p>The liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels carry carbon dioxide and debris-laden blood from the fetus to the placenta?

    <p>Umbilical arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the fetus receive exchanges of gases, nutrients, and wastes?

    <p>Through the umbilical cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessel carries blood rich in nutrients and oxygen to the fetus?

    <p>Umbilical vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessel connects the aorta and pulmonary trunk in fetal circulation?

    <p>Ductus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessel bypasses the liver in fetal circulation?

    <p>Ductus venosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure allows blood to be shunted directly from the right atrium to the left atrium in fetal circulation?

    <p>Foramen ovale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes arterial pulse?

    <p>The alternate expansion and recoil of a blood vessel wall that occurs as the heart beats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is pulse typically monitored?

    <p>In superficial arteries where pulse is easily palpated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average pulse rate at rest in a healthy person?

    <p>70 to 76 beats per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes blood pressure?

    <p>The pressure exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels, the force that causes blood to continue to flow in the blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of blood pressure?

    <p>To maintain blood flow in the blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that causes blood to continue flowing in the blood vessels?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels have the lowest pressure?

    <p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that causes blood to flow in the blood vessels?

    <p>Blood pressure gradient (Blood is forced along a descending pressure gradient)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the pressure highest in the blood vessels?

    <p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes systolic pressure?

    <p>Pressure at the peak of ventricular contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diastolic pressure?

    <p>Pressure when ventricles relax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is blood pressure expressed?

    <p>Pressure expressed as systolic over diastolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects blood pressure by increasing or decreasing the amount of friction blood encounters as it flows through vessels?

    <p>PR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CO represent in the equation for blood pressure?

    <p>The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating blood pressure?

    <p>BP = CO x PR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the nervous system promotes narrowing of blood vessels?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does vasoconstriction have on blood pressure?

    <p>Increases blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which are some factors that can effect blood pressure?

    <p>Chemicals (all the above)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the commonly believed effect of a diet low in salt, saturated fats, and cholesterol?

    <p>Prevents hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the commonly believed relationship between diet and hypertension?

    <p>A diet low in salt, saturated fats, and cholesterol prevents hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemicals are substances that can cause increases or decreases in blood pressure, what is an example of this?

    <p>Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does epinephrine have on blood pressure?

    <p>Increases blood pressure and heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following has a vasodilating effect?

    <p>Heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following has a vasoconstricting effect?

    <p>Cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does heat have on blood vessels?

    <p>Vasodilating effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect does heat have on blood vessels?

    <p>Heat has a vasodilating effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect does cold have on blood vessels?

    <p>Cold has a vasoconstricting effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the widening of blood vessels?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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