Cardiac Electrophysiology
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about the end of the P wave on an EKG?

  • The atria are half depolarized
  • The atria are completely depolarized (correct)
  • The atria are completely repolarized
  • The atria are mostly hyperpolarized
  • What is the dominant effect of activation of the vagal nerve (parasympathetic) on cardiac electrophysiology?

  • Increased automaticity in the SA node
  • Decreased conduction in the atria (correct)
  • Decreased conduction in the Purkinje Fibers
  • Decreased conduction in the AV node
  • Which ion movement would increase the slope of the pacemaker potential?

  • Increased outward movement of potassium
  • Increased inward movement of calcium via L-type calcium channels (correct)
  • Decreased inward movement of calcium via T-type calcium channels
  • Decreased inward current through the HCN (funny) channel
  • During the isovolumetric contraction phase of the heart, what happens to blood flow in the left coronary artery?

    <p>Blood flow increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about veins?

    <p>Veins are much more compliant than arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom of angina is reported more frequently in women than in men?

    <p>Fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the myogenic theory of autoregulation, what happens to arterial vascular smooth muscle in response to an increase in internal pressure?

    <p>It contracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic that is shared by both hard and soft coronary artery plaque?

    <p>Cellular degradation exceeds growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Negative dp/dt is

    <p>An index of ventricular relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A drug company is developing a new drug to act on the arterial vascular system. This drug increases the activity of myosin light chain phosphatase. It is expected that this drug will be used to

    <p>Decrease blood flow to the tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A predominant effect of a small release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla would be

    <p>Vasoconstriction in the arterioles of the intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a likely consequence of mild to moderate mitral stenosis?

    <p>Decreased cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A decrescendo-crescendo diastolic murmur would be consistent with

    <p>Aortic regurgitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic that is shared by both hard and soft coronary artery plaque?

    <p>Cellular degradation exceeds growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would be expected to DECREASE the amount of oxygen consumed by the heart?

    <p>A decrease in end diastolic volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The correct placement for the V1 precordial lead of the EKG is

    <p>4th intercostal space to the left of the sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Malnutrition is associated with the development of ascites, i.e. edema fluid in the abdominal cavity. A mechanism that contributes to this effect is

    <p>An increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An increase in arterial blood pressure from 130 to 190 mm Hg would be expected to produce a ________ in cerebral blood flow.

    <p>Sustained large increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would increase vasoconstriction in vascular smooth muscle?

    <p>A decrease in myosin light chain phosphatase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A murmur heard during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle would be consistent with

    <p>Aortic regurgitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the major effects of an increase in afterload on cardiac mechanics is

    <p>A decrease in stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would be the most appropriate strategy to slow conduction of the cardiac action potential through the ventricle?

    <p>Block potassium channels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Measurements taken in a typical continuous capillary indicate that plasma hydrostatic pressure is 32, plasma oncotic pressure is 27, interstitial hydrostatic pressure is -6 and interstitial osmotic pressure is 5. Under these conditions, there is a net

    <p>Filtration pressure of 16 mm Hg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An important factor contributing to the blister at the site of a burn is

    <p>An increase in capillary permeability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a continuous capillary, the net filtration pressure is determined by the difference between

    <p>Plasma hydrostatic pressure and interstitial hydrostatic pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would increase the hydrostatic pressure in a capillary?

    <p>Increased blood volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would decrease the oncotic pressure in a capillary?

    <p>Decreased plasma protein concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would increase the interstitial hydrostatic pressure?

    <p>Increased blood flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would decrease the osmotic pressure in a capillary?

    <p>Decreased interstitial protein concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would increase the reabsorption pressure in a capillary?

    <p>Decreased plasma oncotic pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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