Cardiac Development & Congenital Anomalies Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What causes the changes in the vascular system at birth?

  • Closure of the septum primum
  • Increase in placental blood flow
  • Cessation of placental blood flow and beginning of respiration (correct)
  • Decrease in lung vessel constriction

    • In complete transposition of the great blood vessels, what happens to the position of the heart apex?

  • It becomes inferior and to the right side (correct)
  • It becomes superior
  • It remains in the same position
  • It moves to the left side

    • Which heart defect is associated with ventricular inversion?

  • Coarctation of the aorta
  • Dextrocardia (correct)
  • Atrial septal defect
  • Patent ductus arteriosus

    • What causes an increase in pressure in the left atrium after birth?

    <p>Closure of the oval foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure plays a role in closing the ductus arteriosus after birth?

    <p>Muscular contraction of ductus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction is the heart apex positioned in dextrocardia?

    <p>Inferior and to the right side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the heart tube form during embryological development?

    <p>It develops from two primitive heart tubes that fuse together in a craniocaudal direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the craniocaudal fusion of the heart tubes during development?

    <p>It enables the establishment of correct blood flow direction within the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of cardiac development, how is complete transposition of the great blood vessels explained embryologically?

    <p>It involves abnormal positioning of the aorta and pulmonary arteries during development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does fetal circulation change after birth and relate to congenital heart defects?

    <p>Fetal circulation transitions to newborn circulation patterns involving permanent closure of certain shunts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical syndrome affecting the heart is most likely associated with generalized cyanosis shortly after birth?

    <p>Tetralogy of Fallot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the infant with complete transposition of great blood vessels able to survive after birth despite having this severe anomaly?

    <p>The presence of an open ductus arteriosus provided a temporary shunt for mixing blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the closure of the communication between the two atria at birth?

    <p>Increase in left atrial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is associated with the aorta originating from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery originating from the left ventricle?

    <p>Transposition of the great vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abnormality involves anterior displacement of the spiral septum and includes pulmonary stenosis and overriding of the aorta?

    <p>Tetralogy of Fallot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily found in the muscular portion of the interventricular septum?

    <p>Ventricular septal defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which defect is usually accompanied by an open ductus arteriosus and may involve a defect in the membranous part of the interventricular septum?

    <p>Patent ductus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to hypertrophy of the right ventricular wall in Tetralogy of Fallot?

    <p>Pulmonary stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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