18 Questions
What causes the changes in the vascular system at birth?
Cessation of placental blood flow and beginning of respiration
In complete transposition of the great blood vessels, what happens to the position of the heart apex?
It becomes inferior and to the right side
Which heart defect is associated with ventricular inversion?
Dextrocardia
What causes an increase in pressure in the left atrium after birth?
Closure of the oval foramen
Which structure plays a role in closing the ductus arteriosus after birth?
Muscular contraction of ductus arteriosus
In what direction is the heart apex positioned in dextrocardia?
Inferior and to the right side
How does the heart tube form during embryological development?
It develops from two primitive heart tubes that fuse together in a craniocaudal direction.
What is the significance of the craniocaudal fusion of the heart tubes during development?
It enables the establishment of correct blood flow direction within the heart.
In the context of cardiac development, how is complete transposition of the great blood vessels explained embryologically?
It involves abnormal positioning of the aorta and pulmonary arteries during development.
How does fetal circulation change after birth and relate to congenital heart defects?
Fetal circulation transitions to newborn circulation patterns involving permanent closure of certain shunts.
Which clinical syndrome affecting the heart is most likely associated with generalized cyanosis shortly after birth?
Tetralogy of Fallot
Why was the infant with complete transposition of great blood vessels able to survive after birth despite having this severe anomaly?
The presence of an open ductus arteriosus provided a temporary shunt for mixing blood.
What causes the closure of the communication between the two atria at birth?
Increase in left atrial pressure
Which of the following conditions is associated with the aorta originating from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery originating from the left ventricle?
Transposition of the great vessels
Which abnormality involves anterior displacement of the spiral septum and includes pulmonary stenosis and overriding of the aorta?
Tetralogy of Fallot
What is primarily found in the muscular portion of the interventricular septum?
Ventricular septal defects
Which defect is usually accompanied by an open ductus arteriosus and may involve a defect in the membranous part of the interventricular septum?
Patent ductus arteriosus
What leads to hypertrophy of the right ventricular wall in Tetralogy of Fallot?
Pulmonary stenosis
Test your knowledge on cardiac development and congenital anomalies. Learn about the divisions, derivatives, and developmental origins of the heart tube, sinus venosus, atria parts, and heart septa anomalies.
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