Cardiovascular II PT 4 ALL

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Questions and Answers

During the mid-to-late diastole phase of the cardiac cycle, which of the following conditions accurately describe the state of the atria, ventricles, and related valves?

Atria contract, ventricles relax, AV valves are closed, and SL valves are open.
Atria relax, ventricles contract, AV valves are open, and SL valves are closed.
Atria and ventricles are contracted, AV valves are closed, and SL valves are open.
Atria and ventricles are relaxed, AV valves are open, and SL valves are closed. (correct)

Which event is directly associated with the 'lub' sound during the cardiac cycle?

Closing of the atrioventricular valves. (correct)
Opening of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves.
Closing of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves.
Opening of the atrioventricular valves.

The QRS complex on an ECG signals atrial repolarization and precedes atrial contraction.

False (B)

Explain the relationship between ventricular pressure and blood volume during the isovolumic contraction phase of the cardiac cycle.

During the isovolumic contraction phase, ventricular pressure increases significantly, but the volume of blood within the ventricle remains constant because all valves are closed. Signup and view all the answers

During early diastole, the ______ close, leading to the 'dub' sound.

semilunar valves Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains the physiological basis of a dicrotic notch observed in the aortic pressure waveform?

Brief backflow of blood against the aortic valve during its closure. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A stenotic valve allows blood to flow freely, resulting in reduced turbulence and decreased pressure.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Detail the sequence of events that lead to the opening of the AV valves during the cardiac cycle.

The AV valves open when the ventricular pressure drops below the atrial pressure. This occurs during ventricular diastole as the ventricles relax and expand, creating a pressure gradient that favors blood flow from the atria into the ventricles. Signup and view all the answers

The volume of blood remaining in the ventricle at the end of systole is known as the ______.

end systolic volume Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ECG components directly corresponds to ventricular repolarization?

T wave (B) Signup and view all the answers

Heart murmurs are always indicative of severe cardiovascular disease.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phases of the cardiac cycle with their key events:

Mid-to-late diastole = Atria and ventricles relaxed, AV valves open, ventricles fill passively Ventricular systole = Ventricles contract, AV valves close, SL valves open, blood ejection Early diastole = Ventricles relax, SL valves close, AV valves open, atria fill with blood Signup and view all the answers

Explain how an incompetent valve can lead to a heart murmur and describe the resulting effect on cardiac output.

An incompetent valve (also known as an insufficient valve) does not close completely, causing blood to flow backward (regurgitation). This turbulent backflow creates an abnormal heart sound (murmur) and reduces the effective cardiac output as some of the ejected blood returns to the chamber it was pumped from. Signup and view all the answers

During the isovolumic ______ phase, both the AV and semilunar valves are closed.

contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of atrial depolarization on the cardiac cycle?

Active contraction to complete ventricular filling. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Systole

The periods of heart contraction.

Diastole

The periods of heart relaxation.