Module 1 Questions Part 6
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Questions and Answers

What does the term "systole" refer to?

  • Blood flow into the atria
  • Relaxation of a chamber
  • Contraction of a chamber (correct)
  • Electrical conduction through the heart
  • Blood flow through the pulmonary veins

    • What is the primary cause of blood movement through the circulatory system?

  • Temperature changes in the body
  • Electrical impulses
  • Pressure differences created by heart contraction (correct)
  • Muscle contraction in the limbs
  • Gravity

    • What occurs during passive ventricular filling?

  • The atria contract to fill the ventricles
  • The ventricles contract to pump blood
  • The AV valves close
  • Blood flows into the ventricles due to pressure differences (correct)
  • The semilunar valves open

    • What is the role of atrial systole in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Push blood into the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the first heart sound ("lubb")?

    <p>Closure of the AV valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the right atrium?

    <p>Receive deoxygenated blood from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessel carries oxygenated blood to the heart?

    <p>Pulmonary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the left ventricle?

    <p>Pump blood to the entire body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the left ventricle from the aorta?

    <p>Aortic semilunar valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure ensures one-way blood flow through the heart?

    <p>Valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during isovolumetric contraction?

    <p>Ventricular pressure increases without blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the end of ventricular ejection?

    <p>Closure of the semilunar valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase follows ventricular systole?

    <p>Isovolumetric relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of ventricular filling occurs passively?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the P wave represent on an ECG?

    <p>Atrial depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What follows the QRS complex on an ECG?

    <p>Ventricular contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by a prolonged QT interval?

    <p>Risk of arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term "preload" refer to?

    <p>The amount of stretch in the ventricular walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law explains the relationship between ventricular stretch and contraction strength?

    <p>Frank-Starling law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is afterload?

    <p>The pressure ventricles must overcome to eject blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculated?

    <p>MAP = CO × PR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cardiac output (CO)?

    <p>Amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula represents cardiac output?

    <p>CO = HR × SV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stroke volume?

    <p>Blood ejected per heartbeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is peripheral resistance (PR)?

    <p>Force opposing blood flow in the vascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What increases cardiac output (CO)?

    <p>Increased stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cardiac reserve?

    <p>Difference between resting and maximum cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is intrinsic regulation of the heart?

    <p>Regulation due to the heart's functional characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Frank-Starling law of the heart state?

    <p>The greater the preload, the stronger the ventricular contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does afterload affect?

    <p>Stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone increases heart rate and force of contraction?

    <p>Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the heart?

    <p>Decreases heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for parasympathetic stimulation of the heart?

    <p>Vagus nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sympathetic stimulation do to stroke volume?

    <p>Increases stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are baroreceptors that regulate blood pressure located?

    <p>Aortic arch and carotid sinuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies monitor?

    <p>Blood oxygen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of prolonged low oxygen levels on the heart?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the second heart sound ("dupp")?

    <p>Closing of the semilunar valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a murmur indicate?

    <p>Turbulent blood flow due to valve problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes valvular insufficiency?

    <p>Backward blood flow through a closed valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stenosis of a heart valve?

    <p>Narrowing of a valve opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during ventricular ejection?

    <p>Semilunar valves open</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of blood is typically ejected from the ventricles during systole?

    <p>70-80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion primarily affects resting membrane potential in cardiac muscle cells?

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the SA node?

    <p>Act as the heart's pacemaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stroke volume dependent on?

    <p>Preload, afterload, and contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event occurs first in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Atrial systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the AV valves during isovolumetric relaxation?

    <p>They remain closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is end-diastolic volume?

    <p>Blood volume in the ventricles at the end of diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber generates the highest pressure during contraction?

    <p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Section 1: Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds

    • Systole refers to the contraction of a chamber.
    • The primary cause of blood movement through the circulatory system are pressure differences created by heart contraction.
    • Passive ventricular filling involves blood flowing into the ventricles due to pressure differences.
    • Atrial systole pushes blood into the ventricles.
    • The first heart sound ("lubb") is caused by the closure of the AV valves.

    Section 2: Blood Flow Through the Heart

    • The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body.
    • The left ventricle pumps blood to the entire body.
    • The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to the heart.
    • The aortic semilunar valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta

    Section 3: Cardiac Cycle Events

    • Isovolumeric contraction involves ventricular pressure increases without blood flow.
    • The end of ventricular ejection is marked by the closure of semilunar valves.
    • Ventricular systole is followed by isovolumetric relaxation.
    • 70% of ventricular filling occurs passively.

    Section 4: Electrocardiogram

    • The P wave on an ECG represents atrial depolarization.
    • The QRS complex is followed by ventricular contraction.
    • A prolonged QT interval indicates a specific cardiac condition.

    Section 5: Regulation of Heart Function

    • Preload refers to the amount of stretch in the ventricular walls.
    • Frank-Starling law describes the relationship between ventricular stretch and contraction strength.
    • Afterload is the pressure ventricles must overcome to eject blood.

    Section 6: Mean Arterial Pressure

    • Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is calculated as CO x PR.

    Section 7: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Regulation of the Heart

    • Intrinsic regulation of the heart involves its functional characteristics.
    • The Frank-Starling law states that the greater the preload, the stronger the ventricular contraction.
    • Afterload affects stroke volume .
    • Epinephrine increases heart rate and force of contraction.
    • Parasympathetic stimulation decreases heart rate and contractility.
    • The vagus nerve is responsible for parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

    Section 8: Regulation by Baroreceptors and Chemoreceptors

    • Baroreceptors regulating blood pressure are located in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses.
    • Chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies monitor blood oxygen levels.

    Section 9: Heart Sounds and Abnormalities

    • The second heart sound ("dupp") is caused by the closure of semilunar valves.

    Section 10: Miscellaneous

    • Ventricular ejection involves the opening of semilunar valves.
    • Approximately 70-80% of blood is typically ejected during ventricular systole.
    • Calcium plays a key role in resting membrane potential in cardiac muscles.

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    Module 1 Questions Part 6 PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the cardiac cycle, focusing on key terms such as systole and diastole, as well as heart sounds. It covers blood flow through the heart, the role of atrial and ventricular contractions, and key events in the cardiac cycle. Test your knowledge of how the heart works and the mechanics behind its sounds.

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