Cardiac Conduction System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the cardiac conduction system?

  • Synthesis of hormones
  • Transmission of electrical signals to stimulate heart muscle contraction (correct)
  • Production of red blood cells
  • Regulation of blood pressure

    • Which structure in the cardiac conduction system is responsible for transmitting the pacemaking signal to stimulate contraction of the ventricles?

  • Bundle of His
  • Purkinje fibers (correct)
  • Right atrium
  • Atrioventricular node

    • What can be seen on an ECG that surrounds the cardiac conduction system?

  • Blood vessels
  • Nerve endings
  • Heart valves
  • Fibrous tissue (correct)

    • What can dysfunction of the cardiac conduction system cause?

    <p>Irregular heart rhythms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of pre-tensioning of the chordae tendinae?

    <p>To increase the resistance to flow through the mitral valve during left ventricular contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What produces the QRS complex on the ECG?

    <p>Purkinje fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of an electrocardiogram is chiefly influenced by the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>PQRS portion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an abnormal rhythm or speed of rhythm of the heartbeat called?

    <p>Arrhythmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main pacemaker of the heart if the SA node fails to initialize?

    <p>AV junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characterized by a missing or inverted P wave on an ECG?

    <p>Junctional rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if both the SA node and the AV junction fail to initialize the electrical impulse?

    <p>&quot;Ventricular&quot; rhythm occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the SA node in the heart?

    <p>Generating spontaneous depolarizations and acting as the pacemaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the AV node?

    <p>Delaying the signal to ensure effective blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the cardiac muscle in comparison to neurons and skeletal muscle?

    <p>It has unique properties similar to neurons and skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart functions as a functional syncytium?

    <p>The ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What records the electrical activity of the heart, including the SA node's P wave and the AV node's PR interval?

    <p>Electrocardiogram (ECG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the embryonic development of the cardiac conduction system involve?

    <p>Parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary requirement of the cardiac conduction system?

    <p>Atrial to ventricular delay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key components of an electrocardiogram (ECG) recording?

    <p>PR interval and ST segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the bundle of His activate in the heart?

    <p>The left and right ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for sparking electrical impulses throughout the atria?

    <p>SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of electrocardiography?

    <p>To record the electrical activity of the heart through repeated cardiac cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cardiac abnormality can be detected through changes in the normal ECG pattern?

    <p>Inadequate coronary artery blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a conventional 12-lead ECG, how many electrodes are placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest?

    <p>Ten</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What other devices can record the electrical activity of the heart, besides a traditional ECG machine?

    <p>Holter monitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes changes in the normal ECG pattern associated with cardiac rhythm disturbances such as atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia?

    <p>Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of an ECG that indicates inadequate coronary artery blood flow?

    <p>Depressed ST segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the average potential measured by three limb electrodes that are attached to the right arm, the left arm, and the left foot?

    <p>Wilson's central terminal (WCT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of device can stick to the chest as a single patch without the need for wires, developed by Zio, TZ Medical, Philips, and BardyDx?

    <p>Portable ECG monitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of electrocardiogram (ECG) recording, what do the 10 electrodes attached to the body form?

    <p>12-lead ECG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lead has a total of three limb leads and three augmented limb leads arranged like spokes of a wheel in the coronal plane?

    <p>12-lead ECG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of implantable devices such as the artificial cardiac pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator?

    <p>Recording far field signal between the leads in the heart and the implanted battery/generator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do portable devices developed by Zio, TZ Medical, Philips, and BardyDx have in common?

    <p>They can stick to the chest as a single patch without need for wires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is technically incorrect usage of the term 'leads' in medical settings?

    <p>'Leads' used to refer to electrodes themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ECG lead includes electrode locations on the perpendicular transverse plane (horizontal)?

    <p>'Precordial' leads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is capable of recording an ECG signal in addition to traditional monitors and devices like Holter monitor?

    <p>'Arduino kits with ECG sensor modules'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of an ECG represents ventricular depolarization?

    <p>QRS complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of continuous ECG monitoring?

    <p>Monitoring medication effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical indication for ECG screening that is not recommended for adults without symptoms or at low risk of cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Perioperative monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key safety feature of modern ECG machines?

    <p>Defibrillation protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of devices can record single lead I ECGs?

    <p>Fitness trackers and smartwatches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the early ECG machines that printed signals on paper using an electric motor?

    <p>Portability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an ECG measure?

    <p>Heart rate and rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart's electrical activity follows an orderly pattern starting from the sinoatrial node and spreading throughout the heart?

    <p>Atrial depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do modern ECG machines use to print signals?

    <p>Analog-to-digital converters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a recommended medical indication for an ECG?

    <p>Chamber size assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of portable twelve-lead ECG devices?

    <p>Battery-powered operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of recording an ECG?

    <p>To assess heart's electrical function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • The heart generates rhythmic signals, resulting in coordinated contraction and relaxation.

    • The heart functions as a functional syncytium, allowing rapid, synchronous depolarization.

    • Embryonic development of the cardiac conduction system involves parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation.

    • Cardiac muscle has unique properties similar to neurons and skeletal muscle, including negative membrane potential and action potential generation.

    • The SA node generates spontaneous depolarizations, making it the pacemaker of the heart.

    • Conduction system requirements include atrial to ventricular delay, coordinated contraction of ventricular cells, and absence of tetany.

    • An electrocardiogram records the electrical activity of the heart, including the SA node's P wave and the AV node's PR interval.

    • The SA node sparks electrical impulses throughout the atria, while the AV node delays the signal to ensure effective blood flow.

    • The AV node splits into the bundle of His, which activates the left and right ventricles through the left anterior and posterior fascicles.

    • The left posterior fascicle is particularly resistant to ischemic damage, and transmits impulses to the papillary muscles, causing mitral valve closure.

    • An ECG is a test used to measure the electrical activity of the heart, recorded from twelve different angles (leads) over a period of time.

    • The three main components of an ECG are the P wave (atrial depolarization), QRS complex (ventricular depolarization), and T wave (ventricular repolarization).

    • The heart's electrical depolarization follows an orderly pattern starting from the sinoatrial node and spreading throughout the heart.

    • An ECG is used to assess the heart's structure and electrical function, providing information about heart rate and rhythm, chamber size, damage to muscle cells or conduction system, drug effects, and pacemaker function.

    • Medical indications for an ECG include chest pain, shortness of breath, arrhythmias, medication monitoring, electrolyte abnormalities, perioperative monitoring, stress testing, CTA and MRA, and clinical cardiac electrophysiology.

    • Continuous ECG monitoring is used for critically ill patients, those undergoing anesthesia, and those with infrequent arrhythmias.

    • Screening with an ECG is not recommended for adults without symptoms or at low risk of cardiovascular disease due to the risk of false positives.

    • ECG machines consist of a set of electrodes connected to a central unit, which can be analog or digital.

    • Early ECG machines printed signals on paper using an electric motor.

    • Modern ECG machines use analog-to-digital converters and include features like portability, simultaneous lead recordings, and automated interpretation.

    • Safety features of ECG machines include defibrillation protection, electrostatic discharge protection, and low voltage circuitry.

    • Small devices like fitness trackers and smartwatches can record single lead I ECGs.

    • Portable twelve-lead devices powered by batteries are also available.

    • Recording an ECG is a painless procedure.

    • Modern ECG machines include automated interpretation algorithms to analyze the ECG trace for various features.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about the electrical conduction system of the heart which transmits signals to regulate heart muscle contraction and blood pumping. Learn about the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers.

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