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Questions and Answers
What is the primary advantage of myoglobin as a cardiac marker?
Its low molecular weight allows it to be released earlier from damaged cells.
Which LDH isoenzyme is primarily found in the heart?
LDH-1 (H4)
In which tissues are the largest amounts of LDH found?
Muscles, liver, kidneys, heart, and red blood cells.
What main function does the LDH enzyme serve in the body?
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Which LDH isoenzyme is predominantly found in the liver and striated muscle?
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Explain why myoglobin can be considered an early marker for myocardial infarction (MI).
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Study Notes
Cardiac Biomarkers
Myoglobin
- Small protein that stores oxygen in skeletal and cardiac muscle
- Early marker of Myocardial Infarction (MI) due to its low molecular weight and rapid release from damaged cells
- Allows early detection of acute myocardial infarction
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
- Enzyme that speeds up chemical reactions in the body to produce energy
- Found in almost all tissues, with highest amounts in muscles, liver, kidneys, heart, and red blood cells
LDH-Isoenzymes
Characteristics
- Five isoenzymes: LDH-1, LDH-2, LDH-3, LDH-4, and LDH-5
- Each isoenzyme has a specific distribution in the body:
- LDH-1 (H4): Heart
- LDH-2 (H3M1): Reticuloendothelial system
- LDH-3 (H2M2): Lungs
- LDH-4 (H1M3): Kidney, placenta, and pancreas
- LDH-5 (M4): Liver and striated (skeletal) muscle
- Normal levels: LDH-2 levels are higher than others
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Description
Learn about cardiac biomarkers, including myoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which are used to detect acute myocardial infarction. Understand the advantages and characteristics of these biomarkers.
