Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology Overview

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During the cardiac cycle, the first heart sound 'lub' (S1) is primarily produced by:

Opening of the mitral valve

Closure of the aortic valve

Opening of the aortic valve

Closure of the mitral valve (correct)

Which phase of the ventricular diastole does the SA node fire, resulting in atrial contraction and filling of the ventricles?

Isovolumetric Relaxation

Isovolumetric Contraction

Ventricular Filling (correct)

Rapid Ventricular Ejection

What is the term for the phase of the cardiac cycle where all valves are closed, and ventricular pressure rises, producing the sound 'lub' (S1)?

Rapid Ventricular Ejection

Ventricular Filling

Isovolumetric Relaxation

Isovolumetric Contraction (correct)

In which phase of the cardiac cycle is the aortic and pulmonic valves open, allowing blood to be ejected into the aorta and pulmonary trunk?

Rapid Ventricular Ejection Signup and view all the answers

Which heart sound indicates reduced ventricular compliance and is often associated with ventricular hypertrophy?

S4 Signup and view all the answers

In a healthy heart, what follows opening of AV valves and indicates heart failure or volume overload?

S3 Signup and view all the answers

'Continuous murmurs' in heart sounds are due to:

Persistent pressure gradients Signup and view all the answers

'Mid-to-late clicks' in heart sounds are typically a result of:

Mitral valve prolapse Signup and view all the answers

'Ejection clicks' immediately after the first heart sound (S1) can indicate:

Pulmonic stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during 'Rapid Ventricular Ejection Phase' in the cardiac cycle?

Aortic and pulmonic valves open for blood ejection Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the 'Ventricular Filling' phase in the cardiac cycle?

SA node firing and atrial kick Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate thickness of the right ventricle in the heart?

0.3 - 0.5 cm Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the heart separates the right atrium and right ventricle?

Interventricular septum Signup and view all the answers

During ventricular ejection, which valves in the heart are open?

Semilunar valves (pulmonic and aortic) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

Anchor leaflets of each atrioventricular valve in position Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart consists of cardiac muscle tissue and allows coordinated contractions?

Myocardium Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the myocardium of the right ventricle, right atrium, sinoatrial node, and atrioventricular node?

Right coronary artery Signup and view all the answers

Where do the coronary veins mainly drain blood back into?

Coronary sinus system Signup and view all the answers

In which structure of the heart would you find the SA node, also known as the sinus rhythm pacemaker?

Right atrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Purkinje fibers in the heart?

Carrying electrical impulses for ventricular depolarization and contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tricuspid valve in the heart?

Preventing backflow of blood between right atrium and right ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of intercalated discs in cardiac cells?

Synchronize muscle contractions through gap junctions and desmosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the aortic valve in cardiac function?

Allows oxygenated blood to enter systemic circulation from left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology Overview - Week #1

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