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Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic variation in physical properties of carboxylic acids?
What is the functional group responsible for the typical reactions of carboxylic acids?
What is the characteristic of the molecular formulae of carboxylic acids?
What is the characteristic of the chemical properties of carboxylic acids?
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What is vinegar?
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What is the general formula for the salts formed by the reaction of carboxylic acids?
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What is the product formed when ethanoic acid reacts with potassium hydroxide?
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What is the gas produced when butanoic acid reacts with potassium carbonate?
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What is the reactant that reacts with magnesium to form magnesium ethanoate and hydrogen gas?
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What is the type of reaction that occurs when a carboxylic acid reacts with a hydroxide?
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What is the product formed when propanoic acid reacts with potassium hydroxide?
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Study Notes
Carboxylic Acids
- Form a homologous series, meaning they share a common general formula
- Differ from neighboring compounds by CH2 in their molecular formulae
- Exhibit a gradual variation in physical properties, such as boiling points
- Display similar chemical properties
Functional Group
- The functional group in carboxylic acids is the carboxyl group, -COOH
- Responsible for the typical reactions of carboxylic acids, which are weak acids
- Example of a carboxylic acid: ethanoic acid, commonly found in vinegar as a dilute solution
Properties of Carboxylic Acids
- Carboxylic acids react with metals to form a salt and hydrogen gas
- They react with carbonates to form a salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas
- They participate in neutralisation reactions to produce salt and water
Ethanoic Acid
- Also known as acetic acid
- Used to make vinegar, which contains around 5% by volume ethanoic acid
Salts Formed by Carboxylic Acids
- Salts formed by the reaction of carboxylic acids all end in -anoate
- Examples:
- Methanoic acid forms methanoate salt
- Ethanoic acid forms ethanoate salt
- Propanoic acid forms propanoate salt
- Butanoic acid forms butanoate salt
Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
Reaction with Metals
- Produces a metal salt and hydrogen gas
- Example: Ethanoic acid reaction with magnesium forms magnesium ethanoate and hydrogen gas
- 2CH3COOH + Mg → (CH3COO)2Mg + H2
Neutralisation Reaction
- Produces a salt and water
- Example: Propanoic acid reaction with potassium hydroxide forms potassium propanoate and water
- CH3CH2COOH + KOH → CH3CH2COOK + H2O
Reaction with Carbonates
- Produces a metal salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas
- Example: Butanoic acid reaction with potassium carbonate forms potassium butanoate, water, and carbon dioxide gas
- 2CH3CH2CH2COOH + K2CO3 → 2CH3CH2CH2COOK + H2O + CO2
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Description
Test your knowledge on carboxylic acids, including their general formula, physical properties, and chemical reactions. Learn about the functional carboxyl group and its role in acid-base reactions.
