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Questions and Answers
Which functional group contains a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom?
Which functional group contains a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom?
- Carboxylic acid
- Alcohol
- Ketone
- Aldehyde (correct)
Which of the following is true regarding the naming of carboxylic acids?
Which of the following is true regarding the naming of carboxylic acids?
- The carboxylic acid group must always be located in the name.
- The carboxylic acid group does not need to be located in the name. (correct)
- The carboxylic acid group is always positioned at #2.
- The carboxylic acid group is never positioned at #1.
Which suffix is used to indicate the presence of an aldehyde group in an open-chain structure?
Which suffix is used to indicate the presence of an aldehyde group in an open-chain structure?
- -al (correct)
- -ol
- -anoic acid
- -one
In a molecule with both an alcohol and a carboxylic acid group, which group takes naming priority according to IUPAC rules?
In a molecule with both an alcohol and a carboxylic acid group, which group takes naming priority according to IUPAC rules?
Which of the following is true about ketones?
Which of the following is true about ketones?
When an alcohol group is present along with other higher priority functional groups, how is it named?
When an alcohol group is present along with other higher priority functional groups, how is it named?
Which of the following options correctly lists the functional groups in order of naming hierarchy?
Which of the following options correctly lists the functional groups in order of naming hierarchy?
What is the correct IUPAC name for a six-carbon chain with a ketone on the second carbon?
What is the correct IUPAC name for a six-carbon chain with a ketone on the second carbon?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the key difference in structure between cis and trans isomers?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the key difference in structure between cis and trans isomers?
Which suffix would be used to describe a 6-carbon ring with two carboxylic acid groups attached at the 1 and 2 positions?
Which suffix would be used to describe a 6-carbon ring with two carboxylic acid groups attached at the 1 and 2 positions?
Flashcards
Alcohol
Alcohol
Organic compound with a hydroxyl (OH) functional group on an aliphatic carbon atom.
Carboxylic Acid
Carboxylic Acid
Organic compound containing a carboxyl functional group.
Aldehyde
Aldehyde
Contain the carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom (R-CHO).
Ketone
Ketone
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-ol suffix
-ol suffix
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-anoic acid
-anoic acid
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-al suffix
-al suffix
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-one suffix
-one suffix
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Hydroxy
Hydroxy
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"oxo"
"oxo"
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Study Notes
- Organic chemistry functional groups include alcohols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and ketones.
Alcohol
- Defined as an organic compound that features a hydroxyl (OH) functional group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom.
- Its general formula is R-OH.
- Alcohols classified into primary (-C-OH), secondary (-C(OH)-C-), and tertiary (-C(OH)-C-C-) types.
- The suffix "-ol" is added which requires location, such as in 3,5-dimethylhexan-1-ol.
- In closed structures, "-ol is added and requires location, such as in 2-methylcyclobutan-1-ol
- The suffix becomes "-diol" when appearing twice, as in 3,5-dimethylhexane-1,2-diol. When with other functional groups, it becomes "hydroxy".
Carboxylic Acid
- Carboxylic Acid defined as an organic compound with a carboxyl functional group.
- Has a general formula of R-COOH.
- Always positioned at #1 so it is not necessary to include it in the name.
- The suffix "-anoic acid" is used which indicates that it is always at #1, so location is not needed, as in 3,5 - dimethylhexanoic acid.
- The suffix "-carboxylic acids" is also used, always at #1.
- Cis and Trans configurations are applicable
- The suffix becomes "-dioic acid" if appearing twice, as in 3,5-dimethylhexane-1,2-dioic acid.
- Highest priority among functional groups, becoming substituents when combined.
Aldehyde
- Defined as containing a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom (R-CHO).
- Features a R-CHO general formula.
- Considered the most important functional group, derived from alcohol dehydration.
- IUPAC Naming rules apply, noting vowel-consonant and consonant-vowel writing
- The suffix: -al always at #1. Do not need to locate, such as 3,5 – dimethylhexanal
- Structures use: Suffix: -carbaldehyde always at #1. Do not need to locate, such as 2-methylcyclobutane carbaldehye
- The suffix becomes "-dial" when appearing twice, as in 3,5-dimethylhexane-1,2-dial.
- Higher than alcohol and ketone, becoming "oxo" with carboxylic acid.
Ketone
- Refers to compounds with a carbonyl (C=O) group bound to two hydrocarbons or other carbon-containing substituents.
- Has a general formula: R-O-R.
- Tends not to "self-associate", making them more volatile than alcohols and carboxylic acids with comparable molecular weights.
- Will never be at #1 and must be located, such as in 3,5 – dimethylhex-2-one.
- Suffix: - one LOCATE IT Ex: 2-methylcyclobutan-1-one
- When appearing twice becomes Suffix: -dione Ex: 3,5 - dimethylhexane-1,2-dione
- When with other functional groups becomes oxo with carboxylic acid and Aldehydes.
Hierarchy
- Hierarchy of Priority: Carboxylic Acids > Aldehydes > Ketones > Alcohols > Bonds > Halogens > Alkyls
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