Carbonyl Compound Crash Course

What is the key difference between the C=O bond in aldehydes/ketones and the C=C bond in alkenes?

What is the common suffix used to name aldehydes?

What is the common suffix used to name ketones?

Which of the following is a method for synthesizing ketones?

Which functional group can be used as a substituent with the suffix -yl?

What is the purpose of Tollens' reagent?

What is the catalyst used to hydrate terminal alkynes to form ketones?

What is the functional group present in aldehydes and ketones?

What is the difference between the C=O bond and the C=C bond in alkenes?

What are the two categories of carbonyl compounds?

How are aldehydes named?

How are ketones synthesized?

What is Tollens' reagent used for?

What are the strong nucleophiles that can be used to reduce aldehydes and ketones?

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, Synthesis, and Reactions

Aldehydes and ketones are characterized by the carbonyl functional group (C=O).
Carbonyl compounds are abundant in nature and have many important applications in industry, biology, and pharmaceuticals.
The C=O bond is planar, shorter, stronger, and more polar than the C=C bond in alkenes. Carbon is electrophilic and oxygen is nucleophilic.
Carbonyl compounds can be categorized into two groups: aldehydes and ketones (R-C=O is bonded to H or C) and carboxylic acids and their derivatives.
Aldehydes are named by selecting the longest carbon chain containing the -CHO group and replacing the terminal -e of the corresponding alkane with -al.
Ketones are named by selecting the longest carbon chain containing the -C=O group and replacing the terminal -e of the corresponding alkane with -one.
Aldehydes and ketones can also be named using common names.
The R-C=O group can be used as a substituent, with the suffix -yl, and the prefix oxo- is used if other functional groups are present.
Aldehydes can be synthesized by oxidizing primary alcohols using pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC).
Ketones can be synthesized by oxidizing secondary alcohols using PCC, CRO3, or Na2Cr2O7 or by hydrating terminal alkynes in the presence of Hg+2 as a catalyst.
Aromatic ketones can be synthesized through Friedel-Crafts acylation of an aromatic ring.
Aldehydes can be oxidized to carboxylic acids using Tollens' reagent, which involves the use of silver ions in aqueous ammonia. Ketones are unreactive towards this reaction. Aldehydes and ketones can also be reduced using strong nucleophiles such as NaBH4 and LiAlH4.

Test your knowledge on the nomenclature, synthesis, and reactions of aldehydes and ketones with this quiz. Explore the unique properties of carbonyl compounds and how they differ from alkenes. Learn how to name aldehydes and ketones using IUPAC and common nomenclature. Discover the various methods for synthesizing these compounds and the conditions required for their production. Test your understanding of the different reactions that aldehydes and ketones can undergo, including oxidation and reduction