Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Effects on Oxygen Transport
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Questions and Answers

What is the main source of O3 precursors mentioned in the text?

  • Residential heating systems
  • Factories
  • Motor vehicles (correct)
  • Agricultural activities
  • Which air pollutant causes more damage to plants than all others combined?

  • Sulfur dioxide
  • Nitrogen oxides
  • Carbon monoxide
  • Ground-level ozone (correct)
  • What action is recommended to reduce ground-level ozone according to the text?

  • Use starter fluid for charcoal barbecue
  • Take public transportation or carpool (correct)
  • Increase the use of gasoline-powered lawn equipment during the day
  • Leave the car engine idling for long periods
  • Which compound is a main product of the combustion of sulfur compounds?

    <p>Sulfur dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended step for conserving energy in the text?

    <p>Turn off unneeded lights and air conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it recommended to use gasoline-powered lawn equipment in the evenings according to the text?

    <p>To reduce ground-level ozone formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of carbon monoxide binding to hemoglobin in the blood?

    <p>Decreasing oxygen transportation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can a victim exposed to carbon monoxide succumb to anoxia without displaying any noticeable symptoms?

    <p>The brain regulates breathing based on carbon monoxide levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Clean Air Act impact the reduction of carbon monoxide emissions from automobiles?

    <p>It prompted automakers to improve basic engine design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of catalytic converters installed in automobiles?

    <p>Reduce carbon monoxide emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did EPA standards in the early 1970s drive automakers to incorporate catalytic converters in new cars?

    <p>To decrease carbon monoxide emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the environmental impact of today's passenger cars compared to uncontrolled counterparts from the 1960s?

    <p>They emit less carbon monoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the odour from a lightning strike, according to the text?

    <p>Electrons freed during rapid chemical changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the atmosphere houses 'bad' ozone that is harmful to breathe?

    <p>Troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the 'good' ozone layer in the stratosphere?

    <p>Protects life on Earth from harmful UV rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does high ozone pollution affect plants?

    <p>Causes plants to close their stomata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of alert is issued when ozone pollution reaches high levels?

    <p>Pollution alert</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ozone impact plant growth when entering through stomata?

    <p>Prevents water and CO2 diffusion into plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary manmade source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) according to the text?

    <p>Industrial processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sulfur dioxide aerosols affect the stratosphere?

    <p>They form a cooling effect by scattering light into space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest recorded mass of sulfur dioxide (SO2) injected into the atmosphere by modern instruments?

    <p>17 million tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which eruption is compared to in terms of the sulfur dioxide mass injected into the atmosphere?

    <p>Krakatoa eruption in 1883</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color is the reddish-brown layer formed over urban areas due to nitrogen dioxide and particles in the air?

    <p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what process do nitrogen oxides (NOx) primarily form?

    <p>Combustion process at high temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do carbon monoxide emissions from automobiles increase in cold weather?

    <p>Cars need more fuel to start at cold temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does adding oxygen-containing compounds to gasoline have on the air-to-fuel ratio?

    <p>It leans out the air-to-fuel ratio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the 1990 Clean Air Act significant in relation to vehicles?

    <p>It called for stricter carbon monoxide standards for cars at lower temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind vehicles being tested for carbon monoxide emissions at 20o F as well as 75o F?

    <p>To assess the effect of temperature on carbon monoxide emissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of oxygen-containing compounds in gasoline in reducing carbon monoxide emissions?

    <p>To promote complete fuel combustion by leaning out the air-to-fuel ratio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ozone (O3) less stable than diatomic oxygen (O2)?

    <p>Ozone has an extra oxygen atom, leading to instability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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