Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Effects on Oxygen Transport
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Questions and Answers

What is the main source of O3 precursors mentioned in the text?

  • Residential heating systems
  • Factories
  • Motor vehicles (correct)
  • Agricultural activities

Which air pollutant causes more damage to plants than all others combined?

  • Sulfur dioxide
  • Nitrogen oxides
  • Carbon monoxide
  • Ground-level ozone (correct)

What action is recommended to reduce ground-level ozone according to the text?

  • Use starter fluid for charcoal barbecue
  • Take public transportation or carpool (correct)
  • Increase the use of gasoline-powered lawn equipment during the day
  • Leave the car engine idling for long periods

Which compound is a main product of the combustion of sulfur compounds?

<p>Sulfur dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended step for conserving energy in the text?

<p>Turn off unneeded lights and air conditioning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to use gasoline-powered lawn equipment in the evenings according to the text?

<p>To reduce ground-level ozone formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of carbon monoxide binding to hemoglobin in the blood?

<p>Decreasing oxygen transportation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can a victim exposed to carbon monoxide succumb to anoxia without displaying any noticeable symptoms?

<p>The brain regulates breathing based on carbon monoxide levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Clean Air Act impact the reduction of carbon monoxide emissions from automobiles?

<p>It prompted automakers to improve basic engine design (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of catalytic converters installed in automobiles?

<p>Reduce carbon monoxide emissions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did EPA standards in the early 1970s drive automakers to incorporate catalytic converters in new cars?

<p>To decrease carbon monoxide emissions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the environmental impact of today's passenger cars compared to uncontrolled counterparts from the 1960s?

<p>They emit less carbon monoxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the odour from a lightning strike, according to the text?

<p>Electrons freed during rapid chemical changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the atmosphere houses 'bad' ozone that is harmful to breathe?

<p>Troposphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the 'good' ozone layer in the stratosphere?

<p>Protects life on Earth from harmful UV rays (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does high ozone pollution affect plants?

<p>Causes plants to close their stomata (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of alert is issued when ozone pollution reaches high levels?

<p>Pollution alert (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does ozone impact plant growth when entering through stomata?

<p>Prevents water and CO2 diffusion into plants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary manmade source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) according to the text?

<p>Industrial processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do sulfur dioxide aerosols affect the stratosphere?

<p>They form a cooling effect by scattering light into space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest recorded mass of sulfur dioxide (SO2) injected into the atmosphere by modern instruments?

<p>17 million tons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which eruption is compared to in terms of the sulfur dioxide mass injected into the atmosphere?

<p>Krakatoa eruption in 1883 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is the reddish-brown layer formed over urban areas due to nitrogen dioxide and particles in the air?

<p>Red (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During what process do nitrogen oxides (NOx) primarily form?

<p>Combustion process at high temperatures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do carbon monoxide emissions from automobiles increase in cold weather?

<p>Cars need more fuel to start at cold temperatures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does adding oxygen-containing compounds to gasoline have on the air-to-fuel ratio?

<p>It leans out the air-to-fuel ratio. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was the 1990 Clean Air Act significant in relation to vehicles?

<p>It called for stricter carbon monoxide standards for cars at lower temperatures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason behind vehicles being tested for carbon monoxide emissions at 20o F as well as 75o F?

<p>To assess the effect of temperature on carbon monoxide emissions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of oxygen-containing compounds in gasoline in reducing carbon monoxide emissions?

<p>To promote complete fuel combustion by leaning out the air-to-fuel ratio. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is ozone (O3) less stable than diatomic oxygen (O2)?

<p>Ozone has an extra oxygen atom, leading to instability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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