Carbon Family and Allotropes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which addition to Na2CO3 results in a decrease in the coefficient of expansion?

MnO2

B (correct)

What type of glass is described as highly resistant borosilicate glass?

Type III

Type IV

Type I (correct)

Type II

What is the primary use of lead?

Creating batteries for toys

Building construction (correct)

Coating food containers

Making jewelry

Which material is described as a filtering aid and clarifying agent?

Kieselguhr silica Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about tin is FALSE?

Tin is easily oxidized in air. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mineral from which tin is extracted?

Cassiterite Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following uses of lead is incorrect?

Creating alloys for jewelry Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is known for its germicidal properties against Staphylococcus aureus?

Tin oxide (SnO2) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is true for carbon as described?

Carbon exhibits several allotropic forms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of carbon in organic chemistry?

Basic building unit of organic compounds. Signup and view all the answers

Which form of carbon is recognized as the hardest naturally occurring substance?

Diamond Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when carbon is at elevated temperatures?

It combines directly with non-metals. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use of carbon dioxide?

In manufacturing soda and carbonated water. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of silicon?

It has a bluish tinge when in coarse powder form. Signup and view all the answers

What is silicosis?

A respiratory illness caused by silicon exposure. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antigens is used as an antidote for carbon monoxide poisoning?

Oxygen (100%) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary antidote used to treat lead poisoning?

EDTA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of lead exposure?

Aerosolized paint Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for lead acetate?

Sugar of Lead Signup and view all the answers

What precipitate is formed when lead ions are treated with potassium chromate?

PbCrO4 Signup and view all the answers

In which oxidation state does lead form a plumbate ion when combined with a base?

+4 Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with lead encephalopathy?

Memory loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the common composition of pewter metal?

80% tin, 20% lead Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the oxidation states of lead is correct?

The +2 state is more stable than the +4 state as atomic weight increases. Signup and view all the answers

What type of ion results from lead oxide when it reacts with a base?

Plumbite ion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a property of titanium dioxide?

Good covering power Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Carbon Family

The carbon family contains elements with diverse properties: carbon, silicon, germanium, tin and lead.
Carbon exhibits paradoxical properties: diamond, the hardest naturally occurring substance, and graphite, one of the softest substances.
Carbon is essential for organic chemistry, forming stable covalent bonds with other small atoms.

Carbon Allotropes

Diamond: hardest known naturally occurring substance with tetrahedral geometry.
Graphite: soft, slippery substance, excellent conductor of heat and electricity with layered structure.
Lonsdaleite: hexagonal diamond structure, considered harder than diamond.
Fullerene (C60): spherical molecule with 60 carbon atoms.
C70 and C540: larger fullerene structures.

Carbon Uses

Activated Charcoal: versatile absorbent, used in antidotes, diarrhea treatment and poisoning.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2): respiratory stimulant, treatment for persistent hiccups, used in manufacturing beverages.
Dry Ice: solid CO2, refrigerant, used in medical treatments.
Carbon Monoxide (CO): cherry red color of blood, high affinity to hemoglobin.
Antidotes for CO poisoning: oxygen, artificial air, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, O2-CO2 mixture.

Silicon

Metalloid, less reactive than carbon.
Forms silicon powder, silicon carbide, and silica gels.
Silica (Silicon Dioxide) is abundant in nature.
Poisoning from silica: Silicosis, characterized by hemoptysis.
Antidote for silica poisoning: Alumina (Al2O3).

Silicon Uses

Glass: formed by fusing silicon with base agents, modified by adding various elements like boron, lead, potassium, and manganese dioxide.
Purified Silicaceous Earth: adsorbent, filtering aid, clarifying agent.
Attapulgite: antidiarrheal agent.
Natural Calamine: zinc silicate.
Simethicone: antiflatulent.

Germanium

Lustrous, hard, silver-white metalloid.
Chemically similar to tin.
Forms organometallic compounds, used in transistors.
Rare element, found in minute quantities in metal sulfides.

Tin

Silvery, malleable, corrosion-resistant metal.
Occurs as the oxide, SnO2 (amphoteric).
Found in many alloys, used to coat metals for corrosion prevention.
Obtained from cassiterite (tin oxide).
Used in the manufacture of cans, household utensils, and alloys like bronze.
Sn+2 and Sn+3 oxidation states.
Tin fluoride (SnF2): anti-cariogenic agent.
Tin oxide(SnO2): germicidal against Staphylococcus aureus.

Tin Alloys

Gun Metal: 10% tin and 90% copper.
Plumbers Alloy: 33% lead and 66% tin.
Pewter Metal: 75% tin and 25% lead.
Type Metal: 75% lead, 5% tin, and 20% antimony.
Bearing Metal: 82% tin, 14% antimony, and 4% copper.
Phosphor Tin: phosphorus added to molten tin, used in phosphor-bronze.

Lead

Soft, heavy, toxic, malleable metal.
Blueish white when freshly cut, tarnishes to dull gray in air.
Occurs as the sulfide, PbS ("galena").
Used in construction, batteries, bullets, shot, solder, pewter, and fusible alloys.
Highest atomic number of all stable elements.
Potent neurotoxin that accumulates in tissues and bone.
Pb+2 and Pb+4 oxidation states.

Lead Uses

Astringent.
Protein precipitant.

Plumbism

Lead Encephalopathy: neurological disorder characterized by memory loss, irritability, and projectile vomiting.
Antidotes: EDTA (Calcium Sodium Versenate).

Lead Sources

Lead pipes, cocktail glasses, canned food, automobile exhaust, paints, earthen utensils, and cable wires.

Lead Compounds

Lead acetate (Pb(CH3COO)2): "Sugar of Lead", "Salt of Saturn", astringent pharmaceutical.
Lead Subacetate Solution: prepared from lead acetate.
Goulard's Extract: astringent and antiseptic solution containing lead acetate and lead oxide.
Lead Oxide: "Litharge", used in the preparation of lead subacetate.
Pewter Metal: 80% tin and 20% lead.
Rose Metal: 25% tin, 25% lead, and 50% bismuth.
Solder Metal: 50% tin and 50% lead.

Group IVB: Titanium Subgroup

Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium.
Titanium: a powerful reducing agent, used as a pigment (Titanium dioxide).
Principal Ores: Rutile, Brookite, Anatase, Ilmenite, and Sphene.

Titanium Properties

High strength-to-weight ratio, good corrosion resistance, and high melting point.
Used in various industries, including aerospace, medical implants, and jewelry.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the carbon family, its diverse elements, and the unique properties of carbon allotropes such as diamond and graphite. Understand the essential roles carbon plays in organic chemistry and its various uses in everyday applications.