Carbon Electron Configuration: Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the simplest molecule formed by the sharing of valence electrons?

Hydrogen molecule (H2)

What is the electronic configuration of chlorine and what is its valency?

Electronic configuration: 2, 8, 7; Valency: 1

How is a single covalent bond represented between two atoms?

By a line between the two atoms

What type of bond is formed between two oxygen atoms?

Double bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic number of hydrogen and how many electrons does it have in its K shell?

Atomic number: 1; Electrons in K shell: 1 Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons are needed for each hydrogen atom to attain the electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas, helium?

One more electron Signup and view all the answers

What property of carbon enables it to form a large number of compounds?

The nature of the covalent bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe carbon's ability to form bonds with other carbon atoms?

Catenation Signup and view all the answers

How are compounds of carbon with only single bonds between carbon atoms classified?

Saturated compounds Signup and view all the answers

What are compounds of carbon with double or triple bonds between carbon atoms called?

Unsaturated compounds Signup and view all the answers

Which element exhibits catenation to the extent seen in carbon compounds?

No other element Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds between carbon atoms contribute to the stability of carbon compounds?

Single, double, or triple bonds Signup and view all the answers

Why are oils containing unsaturated fatty acids chosen for cooking?

Oils containing unsaturated fatty acids are chosen for cooking because they are more reactive than saturated fats and can undergo beneficial oxidation reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid considered an oxidation reaction?

The conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid is an oxidation reaction because ethanol gains oxygen and loses hydrogen during the process. Signup and view all the answers

Why is a mixture of ethyne and air not used for welding?

A mixture of ethyne and air is not used for welding because it can lead to uncontrollable combustion and explosion due to the high reactivity of ethyne with oxygen in air. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the reactivity of saturated hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight and chlorine.

Saturated hydrocarbons like methane react with chlorine in the presence of sunlight to undergo substitution reactions, where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What are some common uses of ethanol?

Ethanol is commonly used in alcoholic drinks, as a solvent in medicines like tincture iodine, cough syrups, and tonics, and it is soluble in water. Signup and view all the answers

Explain why the higher homologues of alkanes form multiple products in substitution reactions with chlorine.

Higher homologues of alkanes form multiple products in substitution reactions with chlorine because chlorine can replace different hydrogen atoms in various positions of the alkane chain, leading to different products. Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic number of carbon?

6 Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons does carbon have in its outermost shell?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge on a carbon atom if it loses 4 electrons?

4+ cation Signup and view all the answers

How does carbon attain a noble gas configuration?

By sharing its valence electrons with other atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge on a carbon atom if it gains 4 electrons?

4- anion Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons does carbon have?

4 Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between ethanol and ethanoic acid in terms of their physical and chemical properties.

Ethanol is a colorless liquid with a characteristic smell, soluble in water, while ethanoic acid is a colorless liquid with a pungent smell, also soluble in water but with acidic properties. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process of micelle formation when soap is added to water. Can micelles be formed in solvents other than water?

Micelle formation occurs when soap molecules aggregate in water due to the hydrophobic tails grouping together and the hydrophilic heads facing outward. Micelles can also be formed in solvents like ethanol. Signup and view all the answers

Illustrate the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.

Scum is formed when the calcium and magnesium ions in hard water react with soap to form insoluble salts, which appear as a white precipitate. Signup and view all the answers

Explain why carbon and its compounds are commonly used as fuels.

Carbon compounds are used as fuels because they release a large amount of energy upon combustion due to their high carbon-hydrogen ratio. Signup and view all the answers

What is an homologous series? Provide an example to explain.

An homologous series is a family of organic compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties, differing by a CH2 unit. For example, the alkanes are a homologous series (methane, ethane, propane, etc.). Signup and view all the answers

Explain the nature of a covalent bond using the example of CH3Cl.

A covalent bond is formed when atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. In CH3Cl, carbon shares one electron with each hydrogen and one electron with chlorine, creating a stable molecule. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Covalent Bonding

The simplest molecule formed by sharing valence electrons is hydrogen (H2), where two hydrogen atoms share their electrons to attain the electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas, helium.
A single covalent bond is represented by a line between the two atoms.

Electronic Configuration of Chlorine and Oxygen

Chlorine has an atomic number of 17, and its electronic configuration is not specified in the text.
Oxygen forms a double bond between two oxygen atoms.

Properties of Carbon

Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon, giving rise to large molecules, a property called catenation.
Carbon can form chains, branched chains, or rings, and may be linked by single, double, or triple bonds.
Compounds of carbon with single bonds between carbon atoms are called saturated compounds, while those with double or triple bonds are called unsaturated compounds.
The carbon-carbon bond is very strong and hence stable.

Substitution Reaction

Saturated hydrocarbons are fairly unreactive and are inert in the presence of most reagents.
Chlorine can replace the hydrogen atoms one by one in a substitution reaction, which occurs in the presence of sunlight.

Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid

Ethanol is a liquid at room temperature, commonly called alcohol, and is the active ingredient of all alcoholic drinks.
Ethanol is a good solvent and is used in medicines such as tincture iodine, cough syrups, and many tonics.
Ethanol is soluble in water in all proportions.

Electronic Configuration of Carbon

The atomic number of carbon is 6, and its electronic configuration is not specified in the text.
Carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell and needs to gain or lose four electrons to attain noble gas configuration.

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Carbon Electron Configuration and Valence Electrons