Carbon Dioxide in Mine Air
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Which of the following is a fundamental aspect of mine rescue?

  • Learning about the history of mine rescues
  • Understanding the financial implications of toxic gases
  • Identifying and responding to toxic and hazardous substances (correct)
  • Exploring the cultural impact of mine rescues

    • What is the first priority for miners at the time of a mine fire?

  • Protecting themselves from toxic and explosive gases (correct)
  • Extinguishing the fire as quickly as possible
  • Rescuing other trapped miners
  • Documenting the types of gases emitted during the fire

    • What is the significance of 1 ppm in relation to toxic gases?

  • It is a negligible amount that poses no threat to human health
  • It serves as a standard unit of measurement for toxic gases
  • It is about as hard to visualize as the national debt (correct)
  • It represents a deadly concentration of toxic gases

    • Why is it crucial for mine rescue teams to understand terms, concepts, and formulae related to mine gases?

    <p>To effectively identify and respond to hazardous substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can emit large quantities of toxic or explosive gases in a mine?

    <p>Fires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about toxic chemicals in mine environments?

    <p>Deadly concentrations may be only a few parts per million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is a product of combustion in normal blasting operations and the operation of internal combustion engines?

    <p>Carbon monoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiological effect of carbon dioxide on humans at an atmosphere concentration of 100,000 ppm?

    <p>Survivable for only a few minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the explosive range of carbon monoxide?

    <p>12.5%–74%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiological effect of hydrogen cyanide on humans?

    <p>Paralysis of the respiratory system and chemical asphyxiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what concentration in the atmosphere does chlorine cause chest pain, vomiting, coughing, difficulty breathing, and excess fluid in lungs (oedema)?

    <p>16–30 PPM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hydrogen on humans?

    <p>Causes an oxygen-deficient atmosphere resulting in asphyxiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is a flammable caustic gas with a strong and distinctive smell detectable at concentrations of 1 to 50 ppm?

    <p>Ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the explosive range of Acetylene?

    <p>2.8%–81%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas has an explosive range of 16%–25%?

    <p>Ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most stable method of storing Acetylene?

    <p>Saturated with acetone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas forms an explosive compound with copper and alloys containing more than 67% copper?

    <p>Acetylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect may Carbon Dioxide have when breathed in large quantities?

    <p>Distinctly acidic taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas has an explosive range of 1.8%–11.7%?

    <p>MAPP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect on humans of exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂) at 200–700 PPM?

    <p>Quickly fatal after short exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what % O₂ in the atmosphere do humans experience dizziness, buzzing noise, rapid pulse, headache, and blurred vision?

    <p>15 (150,000)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) at 100 PPM?

    <p>Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main property of Methane (CH₄) that makes it noticeable in work environments?

    <p>It has an explosive range of 5%–15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of Hydrogen Sulphide (H₂S) on humans at 100 PPM?

    <p>Immediate paralysis of the sense of smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Threshold Limit Value - Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA)?

    <p>The maximum concentration for a normal eight-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek, to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed without adverse health effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Median Lethal Dose (LD50)?

    <p>The dose of a toxic substance that would be fatal for 50% of a test population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the Lower and Upper Explosive Limits (LEL and UEL)?

    <p>The maximum concentrations at which a gas or vapour will ignite when exposed to an ignition source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Relative density (vapour density or specific gravity)?

    <p>The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a standard substance under specified conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pH scale measure?

    <p>The means of measuring a substance’s acidity or alkalinity broken down into 14 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Threshold Limit Values (TLVs)?

    <p>Airborne concentrations of substances to which most workers may be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the explosive range of propane?

    <p>2.4%–9.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is sulphur dioxide formed?

    <p>By heating, burning, or blasting sulphide ores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects of exposure to mild to severe concentrations of sulphur dioxide (SO₂)?

    <p>Irritation to eyes, nose, and throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During and following fires, what are the two greatest hazards to life according to the text?

    <p>Carbon monoxide poisoning and oxygen deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gas is indicated when hydrogen sulfide is present?

    <p>Methane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the gases produced by burning rubber, neoprene, and PVC according to the text?

    <p>Carbon monoxide, chlorine, and sulfur dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative density of ammonia compared to air?

    <p>0.60</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas has an explosive range of 4–74%?

    <p>Hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Polyvinylchloride (PVC)-covered belting is practically non-flammable, but when heated, PVC gives off which gas?'

    <p>$HCl$ (Hydrogen Chloride)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'What source of radiation is released into the mine's atmosphere as it continues to decay?'

    <p>$Radon$</p> Signup and view all the answers

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