Carbon Capture and Storage Technology

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS)

• CCUS is expected to remove 500,000 metric tons (0.0005 Gt) of CO2 annually in its first phase of operation (2025).

Chemical Looping Combustion

• Chemical Looping Combustion is a technology used for Carbon Capture.

BECCS (Bio-Energy Carbon Capture and Storage)

• BECCS is a carbon negative technology that uses biomass to capture CO2.

CO2 Transportation Options

• CO2 can be transported through pipelines or ships.

Pathways for Utilization of CO2

• CO2 can be converted into chemicals, fuels, and building materials.
• General categories of utilization technologies include conversion, utilization, and storage.

Market Size and GHG Mitigation Potential of Selected CCU Sectors

• The market size and GHG mitigation potential of selected CCU sectors are significant.

Conversion of CO2 to Chemical

• CO2 can be converted into chemicals through various reaction mechanisms.
• The heat of reaction for CO2 formation is energy-intensive.

Pathway for Production of Fuel from CO2

• CO2 can be converted into fuels through various pathways, including photochemical and electrochemical conversions.

Thermochemical CO2 Conversion/CO2 Hydrogenation

• Thermochemical CO2 conversion involves the reaction of CO2 with H2 to produce fuels.

Bio-Conversion of CO2 (Algae Growth)

• CO2 can be converted into biofuels through algae growth.

Conversion Algae to Biofuel

• Algae can be converted into biofuels through various conversion pathways.

Gas Fermentation CO2 Bio-Conversion (Commercial)

• CO2 can be converted into fuels through gas fermentation.

Storage Options

• Geological CO2 storage involves storing CO2 in depleted oil and gas fields, saline aquifers, and coal beds.

CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)

• CO2 EOR involves injecting CO2 into oil fields to extract more oil.

CO2 Storage (CO2 Trapping Surface System)

• CO2 can be stored in geological formations through various trapping mechanisms.

Hydrogen Supply Chain

• Hydrogen is an energy carrier/vector that can be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• Hydrogen storage is the most challenging aspect of the hydrogen supply chain.

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS)

• CCUS is a critical technology for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
• Carbon dioxide has several properties, including being a colorless, odorless, and non-toxic gas.

CO2 Hazard and Risk

• High CO2 levels can be hazardous to human health.

An Integrated Approach to Reduce Carbon Emissions

• An integrated approach to reduce carbon emissions involves using multiple technologies and strategies.

Carbon Capture Concepts

• Carbon capture concepts have different climate change mitigation impacts.

CO2 Separation Technologies

• CO2 separation technologies are used to capture CO2 from various sources.

Carbon Capture Technology

• Carbon capture technology involves capturing CO2 through various mechanisms, including post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxyfuel combustion.

Direct Air Capture (DAC)

• Direct Air Capture is a technology that captures CO2 directly from the air.

CO2 Storage: The Mineral Carbonation of Silicate Rocks or Industrial Residues

• CO2 can be stored through mineral carbonation of silicate rocks or industrial residues.

CO2 Storage: Concrete Curing Process

• CO2 can be stored through the concrete curing process, which involves using CO2 to produce higher-performance concrete products.

CCUS around the World

• CCUS is being implemented globally, with various projects and initiatives underway.

Carbon Storage in Malaysia

• Carbon storage is being implemented in Malaysia, with a focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions.