Carbon and Its Compounds Quiz

Carbon compounds are generally poor conductors of electricity. This is because they don't form ions easily, which are necessary for electricity to flow.

Carbon compounds often have lower melting and boiling points compared to ionic compounds. This is due to weaker intermolecular forces between carbon molecules.

A covalent bond occurs when two atoms share electrons. This sharing allows both atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration.

Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds, allowing them to connect with other atoms in a variety of ways. This ability leads to a huge diversity of carbon compounds.

Carbon exists in both elemental and combined forms. Elemental carbon is found in materials like graphite and diamond, while combined carbon is present in all living things and many other compounds.

Carbon compounds are the basis of all living things. Complex molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are all built around a carbon backbone.

Carbon is a versatile element because it can form strong, stable bonds with many other atoms, leading to a vast array of molecules with different properties.

Carbon is not abundant in the earth's crust or atmosphere, but its prevalence in living organisms and important compounds signifies its immense significance.

A type of bond formed when atoms share electrons to achieve stable electron configurations.

The tendency of an atom to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration like a noble gas.

The outermost shell of an atom that contains electrons involved in chemical bonding.

A type of bond where two atoms share one pair of electrons.

A type of bond where two atoms share two pairs of electrons.

A type of bond where two atoms share three pairs of electrons.

A molecule composed of two atoms of the same element.

A stable arrangement of atoms held together by covalent bonds.

The attractive forces that hold molecules together.

The ability of a substance to conduct electricity.

The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid.

The temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas.

A substance that is made up of only one type of atom.

A substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.

An arrangement of atoms in a compound that shows how they are connected.

A form of an element with the same chemical properties but a different structure, like diamond and graphite.

The ability of an atom to form bonds with itself, creating long chains or rings.

A compound where carbon atoms are linked by single bonds only.

A compound where carbon atoms are linked by double or triple bonds.

A carbon compound with a specific arrangement of carbon atoms forming a soccerball shape.

A carbon compound where each carbon atom is connected to four other carbon atoms in a three-dimensional structure.

A carbon compound where each carbon atom is connected to three other carbon atoms in a layered structure.

The ability of carbon to bond with itself and other elements, leading to a vast number of compounds.

The study of compounds containing carbon, excluding carbides, oxides, and carbonates.

A compound made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

A group of atoms that behaves as a single unit in chemical reactions.

A representation of the arrangement of atoms and bonds in a molecule.

A compound with a specific combination of atoms and bonds, determining its properties.

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but differing by a CH2 unit. They have similar chemical properties but varying physical properties due to increasing molecular mass.

The process of burning a substance in the presence of oxygen to produce heat and light.

A type of combustion where the supply of oxygen is limited, resulting in incomplete burning and the release of black smoke.

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.

Organic compounds containing only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Organic compounds containing at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms.

The unique arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

The process of naming organic compounds using a systematic set of rules.

A carbon chain with a double bond between carbon atoms.

A carbon chain with a triple bond between carbon atoms.

A compound with the formula C2H4, containing a double bond between the carbon atoms.

The simplest alkene (unsaturated hydrocarbon) with one double bond between the carbon atoms.

A compound with the formula C2H2, containing a triple bond between the carbon atoms.

The simplest alkyne (unsaturated hydrocarbon) with one triple bond between the carbon atoms.

Hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds between carbon atoms are called unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are more reactive than saturated hydrocarbons.

A chain of carbon atoms can be straight or branched; the number of carbon atoms determines the name of the compound.

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements are called isomers.

A cyclic structure where six carbon atoms are arranged in a ring, with the formula C6H12.

Benzene (C6H6) has a cyclic structure with alternating single and double bonds between carbon atoms, giving it a special stability.

Hydrocarbons are compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen. Saturated hydrocarbons are called alkanes, those with double bonds are alkenes, and those with triple bonds are alkynes.

Heteroatoms are elements other than carbon and hydrogen that can replace hydrogen in a hydrocarbon chain, giving the compound different properties.

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within a molecule that determine the chemical properties of the compound.

A series of compounds with the same functional group but differing by a CH2 unit, showing a gradual change in properties.

The general formula for an alkane is CnH2n+2, for an alkene is CnH2n, and for an alkyne is CnH2n-2.

As the molecular mass increases in a homologous series, the physical properties change gradually. For example, boiling points tend to increase as the chain length increases.

A process where a substance combines with oxygen, often releasing heat and light.

A chemical reaction where an alcohol (like ethanol) gains oxygen to become a carboxylic acid.

A substance that helps a reaction happen faster without being changed itself.

A reaction where hydrogen atoms are added to an unsaturated hydrocarbon to form a saturated one.

A reaction where one atom or group is replaced by another in a molecule.

A colorless liquid that is the active ingredient in alcoholic drinks. It's also a good solvent in many applications.

A colorless liquid with a sour taste, commonly found in vinegar. It's used in many food products and industrial processes.

The removal of water from a molecule, often using a strong acid like concentrated sulphuric acid.

A substance used to accelerate a reaction by removing water.

The process where ethanol is converted to ethene by removing water.

The reaction of ethanol with sodium, releasing hydrogen gas and forming sodium ethoxide.

A chemical compound formed when ethanol reacts with sodium, containing sodium and a negatively charged ethoxide group.

A process that thickens a substance by forming a solid network within it, similar to how cooking an egg causes it to solidify.

Ethanol that has been made unsafe for drinking by adding substances like methanol and dyes, ensuring it is not used as an alcoholic beverage.

A group of organic acids characterized by their acidic nature, often found in vinegar.

A 5-8% solution of acetic acid in water, commonly used as a preservative in pickles.

The process of combining an acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to create an ester.

Sweet-smelling compounds commonly used in perfumes and as flavoring agents, formed through esterification.

A reaction that breaks down an ester into an alcohol and the sodium salt of a carboxylic acid, often used in soap making.

Sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids, used for cleaning by forming micelles.

Structures formed by soap molecules in water, where the hydrophobic 'tail' interacts with oil and the hydrophilic 'head' interacts with water, allowing for the removal of dirt.

The property of attracting and interacting with water molecules.

The property of repelling and avoiding interactions with water molecules.

A mixture of two liquids that normally don't mix, made possible by the action of soap.

The process of identifying the type of acid in a solution using indicators, like litmus paper.

A molecule with a hydrophobic (water-repelling) tail and a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head.

A cluster of soap molecules in water, where the hydrophobic tails point inwards and the hydrophilic heads point outwards.

The process of cleaning away dirt and grime using soap or detergent.

The ability of carbon to bond with itself to form long chains or rings.

A compound where carbon atoms are linked by single bonds only.

A compound where carbon atoms are linked by double or triple bonds.

A property of water that makes it a good solvent for ionic compounds and polar molecules.

This describes substances that are non-polar and do not dissolve well in water.

Describes substances that are polar and attract water molecules (dissolve in water).

Water that contains high concentrations of dissolved calcium and magnesium salts.

A reaction between soap and calcium or magnesium ions in hard water, forming a white, insoluble substance.

Synthetic cleaning agents that work better in hard water than soap.

The ability of a substance to conduct electricity.

The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid.

The temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas.