Carbohydrates: Types and Classification
20 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic feature of sucrose among the sugars mentioned?

  • Both anomeric carbon atoms are fixed in a glycosidic linkage (correct)
  • It is readily oxidized
  • It is a homopolysaccharide composed of single monosaccharide building blocks
  • It is a polymer of α(1,4) glucose
  • What is the primary function of glycogen in animals?

  • To provide structural support to cells
  • To increase the bulk of stool
  • To stimulate the intestinal movement
  • To store energy in a compact form (correct)
  • What is the difference between starch and glycogen?

  • Starch is composed of only α(1,4) glucose linkages
  • Glycogen is more branched than starch (correct)
  • Starch has a more extensive branching pattern than glycogen
  • Glycogen is found in plants, while starch is found in animals
  • What is the primary component of cell walls in plants?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cellulose in the diet?

    <p>To stimulate the intestinal movement and prevent constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of amylose?

    <p>It is an unbranched polymer of α(1,4) glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond forms between two monosaccharides to create a disaccharide?

    <p>glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?

    <p>Sucrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the carbon atom in a monosaccharide that forms a cyclic ring?

    <p>anomeric carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a monosaccharide that contains a reactive carbonyl group?

    <p>Reducing sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a monosaccharide that cannot be readily oxidized?

    <p>Non-reducing sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many member ring is formed in a monosaccharide?

    <p>Six</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of monosaccharides that contain 2 monosaccharide units?

    <p>They are classified as disaccharides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of polysaccharides in terms of their composition?

    <p>They contain hundreds of monosaccharide units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a disaccharide and a polysaccharide?

    <p>Disaccharides are smaller, while polysaccharides are larger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of polysaccharides?

    <p>They are composed of only one monosaccharide unit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of disaccharides in terms of their composition?

    <p>They contain exactly two monosaccharide units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between disaccharides and polysaccharides?

    <p>Disaccharides are a type of polysaccharide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide found in plants?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Carbohydrates

    • Carbohydrates are defined as C:H:O in a 1:2:1 ratio, and can be represented by the general formula CH2OH.
    • They can be classified into three main categories: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

    Monosaccharides

    • Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, and can be further classified into aldoses and ketoses.
    • Examples of monosaccharides include glyceraldehyde (a triose), erythrose (a tetrose), ribose (a pentose), and glucose, galactose, and fructose (hexoses).
    • Monosaccharides are optically active, contain at least one asymmetric carbon (chiral center), and can exist as stereoisomers.
    • Stereoisomers of monosaccharides can be classified into enantiomers, epimers, and anomers.

    Enantiomers, Epimers, and Anomers

    • Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images of each other, and can exist in D or L conformation.
    • Epimers are sugar molecules that differ in configuration at only one of several chiral centers.
    • Anomers are cyclic ring structures that can be formed by aldhyde or ketone groups, and can exist in α or β configurations.

    Disaccharides

    • Disaccharides are formed by the combination of two monosaccharides through a glycosidic bond.
    • Examples of disaccharides include sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (galactose + glucose), and maltose (glucose + glucose).

    Reducing and Non-Reducing Sugars

    • Reducing sugars contain a reactive carbonyl group, are readily oxidized, and can reduce metal ions.
    • Non-reducing sugars, such as sucrose, have both anomeric carbon atoms fixed in a glycosidic linkage, and are not readily oxidized.

    Polysaccharides

    • Polysaccharides are larger, containing hundreds of monosaccharides.
    • They can be classified into homopolysaccharides (composed of a single monosaccharide building block) and heteropolysaccharides (composed of different building blocks).
    • Examples of polysaccharides include glycogen, starch, and cellulose.

    Glycogen and Starch

    • Glycogen is the major form of stored carbohydrate in animals, composed of α(1,4) glucose linkages, and highly branched by α(1,6) linkages every 8-10 residues.
    • Starch is the major form of stored carbohydrate in plants, similar in structure to glycogen but less extensively branched.

    Cellulose

    • Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide composed of long, straight, non-branching chains of β-D-glucose linked by β-(1-4) glucosidic bonds.
    • It is insoluble in water, cannot be digested by humans, and plays an important role in the diet by increasing the bulk of stool and stimulating intestinal movement.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers the different types of carbohydrates, including reducing and non-reducing sugars, polysaccharides, and their classifications.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser