Carbohydrates Test #2 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are the two types of carbohydrates?

Complex and Simple

Which carbohydrates are the complex carbohydrates?

Fiber and Starch

Which carbohydrates are the simple carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides and Disaccharides

What are monosaccharides made up of?

One sugar molecule Signup and view all the answers

What are disaccharides made up of?

Two sugar molecules Signup and view all the answers

How do we get the disaccharides?

Bonding the monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 monosaccharides?

Galactose, Glucose, and Fructose Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 disaccharides?

Lactose, Maltose, and Sucrose Signup and view all the answers

What are polysaccharides?

Many sugar molecules bonded together Signup and view all the answers

Why are the complex carbohydrates referred to as 'complex'?

They are too big to absorb Signup and view all the answers

What are the two subparts of fiber?

Soluble and Insoluble Signup and view all the answers

What does soluble/insoluble refer to?

The ability for something to dissolve in water Signup and view all the answers

In relation to fiber, what is considered to be the soluble part?

The meat (or pulp) of a fruit or vegetable Signup and view all the answers

In relation to fiber, what is considered to be the insoluble part?

The peel or skin of a fruit or vegetable Signup and view all the answers

Is fiber digestible?

False Signup and view all the answers

Complex carbohydrates are also known as...

Polysaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Where can starch be found in food?

Rice, Pasta, and Root vegetables Signup and view all the answers

Where is glycogen stored?

Liver and Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is starch and glycogen made of?

A bunch of glucose molecules bonded together Signup and view all the answers

Are starch and glycogen made of different monosaccharides?

False Signup and view all the answers

What is starch broken down to during digestion?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is broken down from starch for absorption?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrates have one sugar molecule?

Monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrates have two sugar molecules?

Disaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrates have many sugar molecules?

Polysaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Which are the one sugar molecules?

Galactose, Glucose, and Fructose Signup and view all the answers

What are the two sugar molecules?

Lactose, Maltose, and Sucrose Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrates are digestible?

Starch and Disaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrates are not digestible? Why?

Fiber (we do not have an enzyme to digest it) and Monosaccharides (it's already in its smallest form) Signup and view all the answers

What are some sources of carbohydrates?

Anything made from flour, Starchy vegetables and fruits, A lot of added sugars Signup and view all the answers

Which monosaccharide does pop have a lot of?

Fructose Signup and view all the answers

If you have high added sugar intake you probably...

Missing fiber, Over consuming calories, Putting stresses on the body's blood sugar regulation, Excess simple carbohydrates that are likely to be converted to fats Signup and view all the answers

Eating a lot of added sugars means you are consuming a lot of _____ calories...

Empty Signup and view all the answers

What can happen to the pancreas under the right conditions and what is it related to?

Fatigue (type II diabetes) Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of soluble fiber?

Whole oats, Barley, Lentils, Meat of fruits and vegetables, Beans, Flax, Chia Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of insoluble fiber?

Whole oats, Bran, Root vegetables, Barley, Fruit skins, Celery Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Carbohydrates

Two main categories: complex carbohydrates and simple carbohydrates.

Complex Carbohydrates

Include fiber and starch.
Known as polysaccharides due to their large structure.

Simple Carbohydrates

Composed of monosaccharides and disaccharides.
Monosaccharides consist of one sugar molecule, while disaccharides consist of two.

Monosaccharides

Three primary types: galactose, glucose, and fructose.

Disaccharides

Three main types: lactose (milk sugar), maltose (found in malted products), sucrose (table sugar).

Polysaccharides

Formed from many sugar molecules linked together.

Fiber

Has two types: soluble, which dissolves in water, and insoluble, which does not.
Soluble fiber includes the pulp of fruits and vegetables, while insoluble fiber includes their skins.

Digestibility

Fiber is indigestible and cannot be broken down by human enzymes.
Monosaccharides are already in their simplest form and do not require digestion.

Starch and Glycogen

Both are made up of glucose molecules bonded together.
Starch is found in foods like rice, pasta, and root vegetables.
Glycogen is stored in the liver and skeletal muscle.

Breakdown During Digestion

Starch is broken down into glucose for absorption.

Carbohydrate Characteristics

Monosaccharides have one sugar molecule.
Disaccharides consist of two sugar molecules.
Polysaccharides are made up of many sugar molecules.

Carbohydrate Sources

Common sources include foods made from flour, starchy vegetables, and added sugars found in soft drinks and candies.

Added Sugar Intake

High intake indicates low fiber consumption, potential overeating, blood sugar regulation stress, and increased fat mass.

Implications of Added Sugars

High added sugars lead to empty calorie consumption and can stress the pancreas, leading to fatigue and potentially type II diabetes.

Soluble Fiber Examples

Whole oats, barley, lentils, and the meat of fruits/vegetables are sources of soluble fiber.

Insoluble Fiber Examples

Whole oats, bran, root vegetables, fruit skins, and celery contribute to insoluble fiber intake.

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Description

Test your knowledge on carbohydrates with these flashcards covering types, definitions, and characteristics. Learn about simple and complex carbohydrates, their components, and more. Prepare effectively for your upcoming test on carbohydrates.