30 Questions
What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
Cn(H2O)n
What is the functional group that makes carbohydrates soluble in water?
Hydroxyl group (-OH)
What is the type of bond that links two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?
Glycosidic bond
What is the type of reaction that occurs when two monosaccharides are linked to form a disaccharide?
Condensation reaction
What is the term for a carbohydrate composed of a single sugar molecule?
Monosaccharide
What is the term for a carbohydrate composed of many sugar molecules linked together?
Polysaccharide
What is the composition of starch and glycogen?
Thousands of glucose molecules linked together in long chains
What is the physical property that characterizes lipids?
Low solubility in water
How are fatty acids synthesized in the body?
By linking together of two-C fragments
What is the characteristic of a saturated fatty acid?
When all the carbons in a fatty acid are linked by single covalent bonds
What is the common number of carbon atoms in fatty acids?
16- and 18- C fatty acids
What is the percentage of lipids in the average body weight?
15% of the body weight
What type of fatty acids make fats solid at room temperature?
Saturated fatty acids
What is the name of the modified fatty acids that regulate cell functions?
Eicosanoids
What is the primary component of lipids in the body?
Triglycerides
What is the major function of fats in the body?
Energy storage
How are triglycerides formed?
Through the linking of glycerol with fatty acids
What is the key difference between triglycerides and phospholipids?
The presence of phosphate in phospholipids
What percentage of the body weight is made up of proteins?
17%
What is the basic component of proteins?
Amino acids
How many different amino acids are found in proteins of all living organisms?
20
What is the result of linking the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another?
A water molecule is formed
What is the function of the amino acid side chain?
To determine the properties of an amino acid
What is the general structure of proteins?
A long chain of amino acids
What is the bond between the amino and carboxyl group called?
Peptide bond
What is a sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds?
A polypeptide
What is the difference between a peptide and a protein?
The number of amino acids in the sequence
What is the primary function of nucleic acids?
To store and transmit genetic information
What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?
The function of the molecule in the cell
What is the building block of nucleic acids?
Nucleotide
Test your understanding of carbohydrates, their composition, and properties. Learn about the general formula, presence of hydroxyl groups, and solubility in water. Identify the different types of carbohydrates and their characteristics.
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