Carbohydrates Structure and Properties

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What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

Cn(H)m

Cn(H2O)m

Cn(OH)n

Cn(H2O)n (correct)

What is the functional group that makes carbohydrates soluble in water?

Carbonyl group (-COH)

Amino group (-NH2)

Hydroxyl group (-OH) (correct)

Sulfhydryl group (-SH)

What is the type of bond that links two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?

Hydrogen bond

Peptide bond

Ionic bond

Glycosidic bond (correct)

What is the type of reaction that occurs when two monosaccharides are linked to form a disaccharide?

Condensation reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a carbohydrate composed of a single sugar molecule?

Monosaccharide Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a carbohydrate composed of many sugar molecules linked together?

Polysaccharide Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of starch and glycogen?

Thousands of glucose molecules linked together in long chains Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical property that characterizes lipids?

Low solubility in water Signup and view all the answers

How are fatty acids synthesized in the body?

By linking together of two-C fragments Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a saturated fatty acid?

When all the carbons in a fatty acid are linked by single covalent bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the common number of carbon atoms in fatty acids?

16- and 18- C fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of lipids in the average body weight?

15% of the body weight Signup and view all the answers

What type of fatty acids make fats solid at room temperature?

Saturated fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the modified fatty acids that regulate cell functions?

Eicosanoids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of lipids in the body?

Triglycerides Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of fats in the body?

Energy storage Signup and view all the answers

How are triglycerides formed?

Through the linking of glycerol with fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between triglycerides and phospholipids?

The presence of phosphate in phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the body weight is made up of proteins?

17% Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic component of proteins?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

How many different amino acids are found in proteins of all living organisms?

20 Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of linking the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another?

A water molecule is formed Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the amino acid side chain?

To determine the properties of an amino acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the general structure of proteins?

A long chain of amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the bond between the amino and carboxyl group called?

Peptide bond Signup and view all the answers

What is a sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds?

A polypeptide Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a peptide and a protein?

The number of amino acids in the sequence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

To store and transmit genetic information Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?

The function of the molecule in the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the building block of nucleic acids?

Nucleotide Signup and view all the answers