Carbohydrates Structure and Function

Questions and Answers

What is the primary energy source for human cells?

Glucose

What are the two major kinds of carbohydrates in human diets?

Simple and complex carbohydrates

How do plants make carbohydrates?

By using the sun's energy to combine carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms from carbon dioxide and water

What is the function of carbohydrates in the body?

To provide energy for cellular work Signup and view all the answers

Why do humans prefer foods that taste sweet?

Because carbohydrates are a primary source of energy for human cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates?

Simple carbohydrates are single molecules, while complex carbohydrates are composed of many simple carbohydrate molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is released as a result of plants making carbohydrates?

Oxygen gas Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sun's energy in carbohydrate production?

It is used to combine carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms to form carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introducing Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are a class of nutrients that cells use for energy, and without a steady supply, cells cannot function and die.
There are two major kinds of carbohydrates in human diets: simple and complex.

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Simple carbohydrates, also known as "sugars" or "simple sugars", include glucose, which is a primary energy source for human cells.
Complex carbohydrates, such as starches and fiber, contain many simple carbohydrate molecules.
Plants make sugars, starches, and fiber by combining carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms from carbon dioxide and water using the sun's energy.
This process, known as photosynthesis, releases oxygen gas as a byproduct and stores energy in the bonds of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Human cells can break down these bonds, releasing energy that powers cellular work, including contracting muscles, making vital compounds, and building bone tissue.

Human Consumption of Carbohydrates

On average, each American consumed about 73 pounds of added caloric sweeteners, such as honey, refined sugars, and high-fructose corn syrup, in 2018.
Added caloric sweeteners offer little nutritional value other than simple carbohydrates and contribute to empty calories in diets.
Consuming too many calories from carbohydrates, as well as other macronutrients, can lead to extra body fat.