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Questions and Answers
What elements compose carbohydrates?
What elements compose carbohydrates?
C, H, and O
What is the stoichiometric formula for carbohydrates?
What is the stoichiometric formula for carbohydrates?
Which of the following are main types of carbohydrates?
Which of the following are main types of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides can be broken down into smaller carbohydrate units.
Monosaccharides can be broken down into smaller carbohydrate units.
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Name three important monosaccharides.
Name three important monosaccharides.
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If a sugar has a ketone group, what is it called?
If a sugar has a ketone group, what is it called?
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Carbohydrates are primarily used as a major source of ______.
Carbohydrates are primarily used as a major source of ______.
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Glucose is commonly found in the diet.
Glucose is commonly found in the diet.
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What is fructose commonly known as?
What is fructose commonly known as?
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What classification is given to glucose?
What classification is given to glucose?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are a primary source of energy for all living organisms.
- They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- The general formula for carbohydrates is (CH2O)n, where n represents the number of carbon atoms.
- This means the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1.
Functions of Carbohydrates
- Provide energy
- Structural support for organisms
- Act as "road markers" for cells
Classifications
- Monosaccharides: The simplest carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar unit.
- Disaccharides: Carbohydrates composed of two monosaccharide units linked together.
- Oligosaccharides: Consists of three to nine monosaccharide units linked together.
- Polysaccharides: Carbohydrates composed of many monosaccharide units linked together.
Monosaccharides
- Simple sugars: Cannot be further broken down into smaller carbohydrate units.
- Important monosaccharides: Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose
Characteristics of Monosaccharides
- Typically contain 3 to 7 carbon atoms.
- Aldose: If the sugar has an aldehyde group (-CHO).
- Ketose: If the sugar has a ketone group (=CO).
- Trioses, pentoses, and hexoses: refer to the number of carbon atoms in the sugar: 3, 5, or 6 respectively.
- Linear or Ring-shaped: Exist in both forms; in aqueous solutions, they are usually found in ring forms.
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α or β position: Refers to the position of the hydroxyl (OH) group on carbon number 1.
- α position: OH group is below the plane of the ring.
- β position: OH group is above the plane of the ring.
Types of Monosaccharides
- Glucose (α-carbohydrate): Also known as dextrose or blood sugar. It is the primary fuel for the body.
- Fructose (β-carbohydrate): Found in fruits and honey; the sweetest of all sugars. Often found in soft drinks, cereals, and desserts.
- Galactose (β-carbohydrate): Often found in dairy products.
Glucose & Diabetes
- Glucose is essential for the body's energy production.
- Diabetes occurs when the body cannot effectively utilize glucose.
- This can lead to high blood sugar levels.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of carbohydrates in this quiz. Learn about their composition, classifications, and vital functions in living organisms. Test your knowledge on monosaccharides, disaccharides, and more!
