Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following carbohydrates is classified as a monosaccharide?
Which of the following carbohydrates is classified as a monosaccharide?
What type of bond is formed during the condensation reaction between two monosaccharides?
What type of bond is formed during the condensation reaction between two monosaccharides?
Which of the following is NOT a function of polysaccharides?
Which of the following is NOT a function of polysaccharides?
Which of the following describes the structure of polysaccharides?
Which of the following describes the structure of polysaccharides?
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In which of the following forms can monosaccharides exist?
In which of the following forms can monosaccharides exist?
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What reaction type breaks down disaccharides into monosaccharides?
What reaction type breaks down disaccharides into monosaccharides?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of complex carbohydrates?
Which of the following is a characteristic of complex carbohydrates?
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Which of the following statements is true about cellulose?
Which of the following statements is true about cellulose?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates Overview
- Carbohydrates are one of the most common organic molecules.
- They always contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) in a ratio of (CH₂O)ₙ.
- They are the primary energy source in the body.
- Sugars and starches store energy efficiently for use by the body.
- Carbohydrates contain hydroxyl and carbonyl groups.
- Most carbohydrates are polar molecules that dissolve readily in water.
- Carbohydrates are essential for providing energy to various bodily functions.
Types of Carbohydrates
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Monosaccharides: Simple sugars (single molecule).
- Examples include glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, and deoxyribose.
- Glucose is the primary energy source.
- Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all hexoses (6 carbons)
- Ribose and deoxyribose are pentoses (5 carbons)
- Sugars usually end in "-ose".
- Can exist in straight-chain or ring forms.
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Disaccharides: Double sugars (two monosaccharides bonded together).
- Examples include maltose, sucrose, and lactose.
- Formed through a condensation reaction, releasing a water molecule.
- The bond formed between monosaccharides is called a glycosidic linkage.
- Bonded together through dehydration synthesis.
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Polysaccharides: Complex carbohydrates (many monosaccharides bonded together).
- Examples include starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
- Composed of hundreds to thousands of glucose units.
- Can be straight chains or branched molecules.
- Functions include energy storage (starch and glycogen) and structural support (cellulose and chitin).
Digestion of Polysaccharides
- Polysaccharides are large molecules that must be broken down into smaller glucose subunits for absorption.
- Hydrolysis reactions, using specific enzymes, break down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars.
- Examples of enzymes that break down polysaccharides include amylase.
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Description
Explore the essential roles and diverse types of carbohydrates in this quiz. Learn about monosaccharides, disaccharides, and their significance in energy storage and bodily functions. Test your knowledge of the characteristics and examples of these organic molecules.
