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Questions and Answers
What are carbohydrates primarily composed of?
What are carbohydrates primarily composed of?
Which type of carbohydrate consists of two monosaccharide units?
Which type of carbohydrate consists of two monosaccharide units?
What is the function of carbohydrates in biological systems?
What is the function of carbohydrates in biological systems?
Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
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What is one role of carbohydrates in maintaining metabolism?
What is one role of carbohydrates in maintaining metabolism?
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What process involves water molecules surrounding the ions of an ionic compound?
What process involves water molecules surrounding the ions of an ionic compound?
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Which type of molecules does water primarily dissolve through the formation of hydrogen bonds?
Which type of molecules does water primarily dissolve through the formation of hydrogen bonds?
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Why are non-polar molecules, such as oil, not soluble in water?
Why are non-polar molecules, such as oil, not soluble in water?
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What is a key reason that many biological reactions occur in aqueous solutions?
What is a key reason that many biological reactions occur in aqueous solutions?
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Which functional group in sugars allows them to dissolve readily in water?
Which functional group in sugars allows them to dissolve readily in water?
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What type of bond is formed between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule?
What type of bond is formed between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule?
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Why does ice float on liquid water?
Why does ice float on liquid water?
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Which property of water contributes to its ability to dissolve many substances?
Which property of water contributes to its ability to dissolve many substances?
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What is the reason behind water's high heat of vaporization?
What is the reason behind water's high heat of vaporization?
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How do hydrogen bonds in water compare to covalent bonds?
How do hydrogen bonds in water compare to covalent bonds?
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Which statement accurately describes the solvent properties of water?
Which statement accurately describes the solvent properties of water?
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What charge does the oxygen atom in a water molecule carry?
What charge does the oxygen atom in a water molecule carry?
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What aspect of water contributes to its high surface tension?
What aspect of water contributes to its high surface tension?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, or compounds derived from their hydrolysis.
- They are the most abundant organic constituents of plants.
- Carbohydrates are the major source of chemical energy for living organisms (e.g., sugars and starch).
- They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- The general molecular formula for carbohydrates is (CH₂O)ₙ.
- Starch and cellulose are common carbohydrates.
Classification of Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides: Single sugar molecule; examples include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
- Disaccharides: Two sugar molecules; examples include sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
- Oligosaccharides: Two to ten sugar molecules. Examples include raffinose, stachyose.
- Polysaccharides: Ten or more sugar molecules; examples include starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
Structure of Glucose and Fructose
- Diagrams of glucose and fructose structures are included in the presentation; details are shown in the image.
Monosaccharides
- Monosaccharides cannot be further broken down into simpler compounds through hydrolysis.
- They are the basic unit of carbohydrates.
- Examples: glucose and fructose
Disaccharides
- They are formed by the combination of two monosaccharides through a glycosidic bond.
- Hydrolysis can break them down into their component monosaccharides.
- Examples: Maltose, sucrose, lactose
Polysaccharides
- Formed by the union of many monosaccharide units.
- Can undergo hydrolysis to release monosaccharide units.
- Examples: starch, glycogen and cellulose
Functions of Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are components of cell structures (e.g., glycolipids, glycoproteins, heparin, cellulose, starch, glycogen).
- Carbohydrates serve as a primary energy source for organisms.
- They maintain blood glucose levels.
- They are involved in the breakdown of fatty acids to prevent ketosis.
- They play roles in biological recognition processes.
- Some function as flavourings, sweeteners, and dietary fiber.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of carbohydrates, their classification, and structures. This quiz covers monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides along with examples. Test your knowledge on their roles as energy sources and their molecular characteristics.
