Carbohydrates Overview and Classification

Carbohydrates that cannot be broken down into simpler sugars.

Carbohydrates formed by joining two monosaccharides.

Complex carbohydrates made of many monosaccharides.

Provide energy, build cell structures, and regulate blood sugar.

Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, or compounds derived from them.

Water has a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other, making it a polar molecule.

Water dissolves ionic compounds by surrounding the ions with its own partial charges, breaking apart the compound and dispersing the ions.

The process of water molecules surrounding ions to dissolve ionic compounds.

Water dissolves polar molecules by forming hydrogen bonds with them, like with sugars.

Water does not dissolve non-polar molecules, like oil, because they lack the charges or groups needed to form strong interactions.

Water molecules form strong hydrogen bonds between the slightly positive hydrogen atom of one molecule and the slightly negative oxygen atom of another molecule.

Water has a relatively high boiling point compared to other molecules of similar size due to the strong hydrogen bonds that require more energy to break.

Water has a high specific heat, meaning it takes a lot of energy to raise its temperature. This is because hydrogen bonds need to be broken for the water molecules to move faster.

Water is an excellent solvent for polar and ionic substances because its polar nature allows it to interact with and surround these molecules.

Water has high surface tension due to the strong hydrogen bonds between surface water molecules, which create a sort of 'skin' on the surface.

Water exists in three states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gaseous (water vapor). Ice is less dense than liquid water due to its crystalline structure.

Water molecules form covalent bonds where oxygen shares electrons with two hydrogen atoms. The difference in electronegativity leads to a polar covalent bond.