Carbohydrates Lecture 01: Categories, Structures, and Reactions
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Questions and Answers

Why is L-Glucose not used by humans as a source of energy?

  • It cannot be converted into ATP in human cells
  • It cannot be absorbed by the human digestive system
  • It is inherently toxic to human cells
  • It cannot undergo glycolysis due to its configuration (correct)

Why is fructose categorized as a reducing sugar?

  • It contains an aldehyde group that can be oxidized (correct)
  • It can only form alpha and beta forms in solution
  • It can form a five-membered ring in its structure
  • It can donate electrons in a redox reaction

Why is sucrose categorized as a non-reducing sugar?

  • It forms a six-membered ring in its structure
  • It does not contain any free anomeric carbon (correct)
  • It cannot undergo hydrolysis in the human digestive system
  • It contains an aldehyde group that cannot be oxidized

What is the main role of sugars in the food industry?

<p>Contribute to color, flavor, and aroma of food products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sweetener is extensively used in the preservation of jams, jellies, and fruit juices?

<p>Invert sugar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are carbohydrates made out of?

<p>C, H, and O (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a biological role of carbohydrates?

<p>Energy reserves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are monosaccharides classified based on their chemical structure?

<p>According to whether their acyclic forms possess an aldehyde or a keto group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of monosaccharides?

<p>Chiral polyhydroxy aldehydes and polyhydroxy ketones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main groups into which carbohydrates can be classified based on their chemical structure?

<p>Low molecular weight mono- and disaccharides, intermediate molecular weight oligosaccharides, high molecular weight polysaccharides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant and diverse class of organic compounds occurring in nature?

<p>Carbohydrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the biological role of carbohydrates as protective substances?

<p>Cell recognition moieties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major groups into which monosaccharides are divided based on whether their acyclic forms possess an aldehyde or a keto group?

<p>-Aldoses and Ketoses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of carbohydrates often exist in cyclic hemiacetal forms?

<p>Monosaccharides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique property of water mentioned in the text?

<p>It is the only substance that occurs in three physical states on earth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does water influence the structure of food according to the text?

<p>It affects the appearance, taste, and texture of food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is maintaining the optimum water content important when processing a food product?

<p>To prevent chemical reactions and microbial growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as important in studying the properties and behavior of water molecules?

<p>The relationship between water content of food and its perishability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the impact of water content on the perishability of food?

<p>High water content increases food perishability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stated as a major component of most foods in the text?

<p>Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of water contributes to its ability to resist dehydration?

<p>High latent heat of evaporation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phase transition property attributed to the three-dimensional hydrogen bonding in water?

<p>Enthalpies of various phase transitions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical property of water allows it to have a high resistance to thermal regulation?

<p>Heat capacity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecule is water based on its polarity?

<p>Polar molecule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does water activity (a w) measure in a solution?

<p>Ratio of vapor pressure in the solution to that of pure water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for water being an excellent solvent for polar and ionic compounds?

<p>Polarity and high dielectric constant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature does water boil at 1 atm pressure?

<p>100.000⁰C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'What is the density of liquid water at 20⁰C?' is an example of a question related to which physical property of water?

<p>$0.99821 \text{ g/cm}^3$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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