Biology: Food and Digestion Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the process of transforming complex food into simpler food called?

  • Metabolism
  • Assimilation
  • Digestion (correct)
  • Absorption

Which of the following is NOT a category of food mentioned?

  • Fats (correct)
  • Minerals
  • Salts
  • Proteins

How many types of carbohydrates are classified in the content?

  • 1
  • 3 (correct)
  • 2
  • 4

What does the prefix 'poly' indicate in polysaccharides?

<p>Three or more (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a monosaccharide?

<p>Glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial product of starch digestion in the mouth?

<p>Maltose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down maltose into glucose?

<p>Maltase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are monosaccharides?

<p>One sugar unit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the digestive system does the enzyme pancreatic amylase function?

<p>Small Intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disaccharide?

<p>Lactose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a positive result in the iodine test for starch?

<p>Color changes to dark blue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color indicates the presence of starch in the iodine test?

<p>Blue/Black (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is an example of a polysaccharide?

<p>Cellulose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of enzymes in the digestive system?

<p>To chemically transform food into simpler nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of sugar is glucose classified as?

<p>Monosaccharide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is NOT part of the digestive tube?

<p>Pancreas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the negative result of the iodine test for starch?

<p>Color remains brown (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What temperature was maintained during the sheep fat digestion experiment?

<p>37°C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is primarily responsible for emulsifying fats in digestion?

<p>Bile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During digestion, where do nutrients enter after being broken down?

<p>Bloodstream (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used specifically to identify proteins?

<p>Biuret test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a positive result in the Fehling's test?

<p>Brick red color (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method is used in the lipid test to identify lipids?

<p>Rubbing food on paper (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following results indicates the presence of salt in a food sample?

<p>White precipitate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the hydrolysis of starch?

<p>Starch is broken down into maltose. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins into peptides?

<p>Pepsin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced when maltose is further broken down?

<p>Glucose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what pH are peptides broken down into amino acids?

<p>pH &gt; 7 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are amino acids processed after their formation?

<p>They are absorbed into the bloodstream. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme specifically digests starch?

<p>Salivary amylase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the required pH for pepsin to function properly?

<p>Acidic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take for lipids to be digested by lipase?

<p>3 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?

<p>They are destroyed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme needs a basic medium to function optimally?

<p>Trypsin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do bile salts play in lipid digestion?

<p>They emulsify large fat globules into smaller ones. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for breaking down lipids into their components?

<p>Lipase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of lipid digestion?

<p>Glycerol and fatty acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which medium does lipid digestion primarily take place?

<p>Basic medium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can't lipids be directly utilized in their natural form?

<p>They need to be broken down into simpler molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of pepsin in protein digestion?

<p>To break down proteins into smaller peptides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which environment does trypsin operate most effectively?

<p>Basic environment (pH &gt; 7) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final product of protein digestion?

<p>Amino acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down peptides in the small intestine?

<p>Erepsin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the stomach environment is crucial for the activity of pepsin?

<p>It is acidic with a pH around 2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Digestion

The process of breaking down complex food into simpler nutrients that the body can absorb.

Carbohydrates

A class of organic compounds that includes sugars, starches, and fibers.

Monosaccharide

A single sugar unit.

Disaccharide

Two sugar units linked together.

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Polysaccharide

Three or more sugar units linked together.

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Iodine Test

A chemical test that uses iodine solution to detect the presence of starch. A positive result turns the solution dark blue.

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Positive Iodine Test Result

A dark blue color change in the iodine test indicates the presence of starch.

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What is digestion?

The process of breaking down complex food into simpler substances that the body can absorb.

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What is the digestive tube?

A tube that runs from the mouth to the anus, where food travels through and is broken down.

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What are digestive glands?

Special organs that produce and release juices containing enzymes to help break down food.

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What are enzymes?

Chemical substances that speed up the process of breaking down food into simpler nutrients.

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What are nutrients?

Simple substances that are absorbed into the bloodstream from food after digestion.

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What is the role of salivary amylase?

Salivary amylase is an enzyme found in saliva that breaks down starch into maltose.

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What is maltose?

Maltose is a disaccharide, meaning it's made up of two sugar units linked together.

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Where does the breakdown of starch continue?

Pancreatic amylase, produced by the pancreas, continues the breakdown of starch into maltose in the small intestine.

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What does maltase do?

Maltase, an enzyme found in the small intestine, breaks down maltose into its individual sugar units, glucose.

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What happens to glucose after it's broken down?

Glucose is a monosaccharide, a single sugar unit, which is absorbed into the bloodstream and used for energy.

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What happens to starch during hydrolysis?

Starch is broken down into smaller units called maltose in the presence of water.

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What is the end product of starch hydrolysis?

Maltose is further broken down into glucose, a single sugar molecule.

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How are proteins initially broken down in digestion?

Pepsin, an enzyme found in the stomach, breaks down proteins into smaller units called peptides.

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What happens to peptides after being broken down by pepsin?

Peptides are further broken down into amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, in the small intestine at a pH greater than 7.

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What happens to amino acids after being absorbed?

Amino acids are absorbed into the bloodstream and used for building and repairing tissues.

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Fehling's Test

A chemical test used to identify reducing sugars (like glucose or fructose). In this test, a blue Fehling's solution is added to the food sample. If the solution turns brick red when heated, it indicates the presence of a reducing sugar.

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Biuret Test

A chemical test commonly used in food science to detect the presence of proteins or peptides. In this test, a blue biuret solution is added to the sample. A positive result indicates the presence of protein or peptide by turning the solution violet or purple.

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Lipid test

A simple test used to see if lipids are present in a food. Rubbing the food sample on a piece of paper will leave translucent droplets of water, indicating the presence of fat.

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Salt test

A test used to find out if a food contains salt. Adding silver nitrate and distilled water to a sample will cause a white precipitate of silver chloride to form if salt is present.

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What is pepsin's role in protein digestion?

Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. It works best in the acidic environment of the stomach.

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What enzymes break down peptides in the small intestine?

Trypsin and erepsin are enzymes that break down peptides into amino acids, the simplest form of protein. They are active in the small intestine, which has a basic pH.

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What is the pH of the stomach?

The stomach has an acidic environment, with a pH around 2. This acidity is important for pepsin to work effectively.

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What is the pH of the small intestine?

The small intestine has a basic environment, with a pH greater than 7. This alkalinity is needed for trypsin and erepsin to function properly.

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Where do amino acids go after digestion?

After protein digestion, amino acids are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to different parts of the body.

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What is emulsification in lipid digestion?

Bile salts, produced by the liver, break down large fat globules into smaller, water-soluble globules, increasing their surface area for enzyme action.

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What role does lipase play in lipid digestion?

Lipase, an enzyme, works on these emulsified lipids, breaking them down into glycerol and fatty acids.

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What are the conditions required for lipid digestion?

The breakdown of lipids into glycerol and fatty acids occurs in a basic environment.

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What happens to the products of lipid digestion?

Glycerol and fatty acids, the products of lipid digestion, are absorbed into the bloodstream to be used by the body.

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Why is lipid digestion necessary?

Lipids, like fats and oils, are not easily digested in their original form. They need to be broken down into smaller units.

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What is a substrate?

A specific substance that an enzyme acts upon, like starch for salivary amylase.

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What is the specific medium requirement for enzymes?

Enzymes need a specific pH level (acidity or alkalinity) to work best. For example, pepsin works best in acidic conditions like the stomach.

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Do all enzymes work at the same speed?

Enzymes break down food at different rates. For instance, starch takes 30 minutes to digest, while lipids take 3 hours.

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How does temperature affect enzyme activity?

High temperatures can destroy enzymes, while low temperatures make them inactive. Each enzyme has an optimal temperature for peak activity.

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What are some examples of enzymes and their functions?

Each enzyme has a specific job in digestion. For example, salivary amylase breaks down starch, while pepsin digests protein.

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