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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes monosaccharides?
Which of the following best describes monosaccharides?
- They contain 3-10 monosaccharide units.
- They cannot be further hydrolyzed. (correct)
- They consist of two sugar units.
- They have a molecular formula of $C_n(H_2)$.
How are monosaccharides classified based on their functional groups?
How are monosaccharides classified based on their functional groups?
- Aldoses are sugars with an aldehyde group. (correct)
- Ketoses have a -ose suffix.
- Ketoses contain no carbon atoms.
- Aldoses contain a keto group.
What characterizes disaccharides?
What characterizes disaccharides?
- They are classified only as glucose derivatives.
- They always contain three or more monosaccharide units.
- They cannot be formed from monosaccharides.
- They consist of two sugar units linked through a glycosidic bond. (correct)
Oligosaccharides consist of how many monosaccharide units?
Oligosaccharides consist of how many monosaccharide units?
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Which statement about the general molecular formula for carbohydrates is correct?
Which statement about the general molecular formula for carbohydrates is correct?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrate Definition
- Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, or substances that produce these upon hydrolysis.
- The general molecular formula for carbohydrates is $C_n(H_2O)_n$.
- Glucose, for example, has the molecular formula $C_6H_{12}O_6$.
Carbohydrate Classification
- Monosaccharides
- Contain a single sugar unit and cannot be further broken down by hydrolysis.
- Classified based on functional group and number of carbon atoms.
- Aldehyde group: Sugars with an aldehyde functional group are known as aldoses.
- Keto group: Sugars with a keto functional group are known as ketoses, and are sometimes identified by the suffix "-ulose".
- Number of carbon atoms:
- Trioses: 3 carbons
- Tetroses: 4 carbons
- Pentoses: 5 carbons
- Hexoses: 6 carbons
- Heptoses: 7 carbons
- Disaccharides
- Formed by combining two monosaccharides with the removal of a water molecule.
- Oligosaccharides
- Contain 3 to 10 monosaccharide units.
- Polysaccharides
- Contain more than 10 monosaccharide units.
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