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Carbohydrates: Definition and Classification

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Carbohydrates: Definition and Classification

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes monosaccharides?

They contain 3-10 monosaccharide units.

They cannot be further hydrolyzed. (correct)

They consist of two sugar units.

They have a molecular formula of $C_n(H_2)$.

How are monosaccharides classified based on their functional groups?

Aldoses are sugars with an aldehyde group. (correct)

Ketoses have a -ose suffix.

Ketoses contain no carbon atoms.

Aldoses contain a keto group.

What characterizes disaccharides?

They are classified only as glucose derivatives.

They always contain three or more monosaccharide units.

They cannot be formed from monosaccharides.

They consist of two sugar units linked through a glycosidic bond. (correct)

Oligosaccharides consist of how many monosaccharide units?

<p>Between 3 and 10 units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the general molecular formula for carbohydrates is correct?

<p>The formula can be summarized as $C_n(H_2O)_n$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Carbohydrate Definition

Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, or substances that produce these upon hydrolysis.
The general molecular formula for carbohydrates is $C_n(H_2O)_n$.
Glucose, for example, has the molecular formula $C_6H_{12}O_6$.

Carbohydrate Classification

Monosaccharides
- Contain a single sugar unit and cannot be further broken down by hydrolysis.
- Classified based on functional group and number of carbon atoms.
- Aldehyde group: Sugars with an aldehyde functional group are known as aldoses.
- Keto group: Sugars with a keto functional group are known as ketoses, and are sometimes identified by the suffix "-ulose".
- Number of carbon atoms:
  - Trioses: 3 carbons
  - Tetroses: 4 carbons
  - Pentoses: 5 carbons
  - Hexoses: 6 carbons
  - Heptoses: 7 carbons
Disaccharides
- Formed by combining two monosaccharides with the removal of a water molecule.
Oligosaccharides
- Contain 3 to 10 monosaccharide units.
Polysaccharides
- Contain more than 10 monosaccharide units.

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Description

This quiz explores the definition and classification of carbohydrates, including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and oligosaccharides. Learn about their molecular structure and classification based on functional groups and carbon atom counts. Test your knowledge on the different types and formulas related to carbohydrates.