Carbohydrates: Basic Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the most abundant monosaccharide in nature?

D-glucose

Define oligosaccharides and how are they formed?

Oligosaccharides consist of short chains of monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic bonds.

Give an example of a disaccharide.

Sucrose (cane sugar)

What are the two types of polysaccharides based on their function?

<p>Storage and structural</p>
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Name the sugar polymers containing more than 20 monosaccharide units.

<p>Polysaccharides</p>
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What are the two types of structural polysaccharides mentioned?

<p>Starch and cellulose</p>
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What are the two isomers of glucose with respect to the penultimate carbon atom?

<p>D-glucose and L-glucose</p>
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Explain what optical activity refers to in carbohydrates.

<p>It is the rotation of plane polarized light, forming (+) glucose and (-) glucose.</p>
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Give an example of a diastereoisomer of glucose.

<p>Mannose, galactose</p>
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What does the term 'anomerism' refer to in carbohydrates?

<p>It is the spatial configuration with respect to the first carbon atom in aldoses and the second carbon atom in ketoses.</p>
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How are stored carbohydrates used as an energy source in animals and plants?

<p>Stored as glycogen in animals and starch in plants.</p>
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What is the biological function of carbohydrates in the biosynthesis of fats and proteins?

<p>Carbohydrates act as intermediates in the biosynthesis of fats and proteins.</p>
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