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Questions and Answers
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
C6H12O6
Which type of carbohydrate is the smallest?
Which type of carbohydrate is the smallest?
Which of the following is a disaccharide?
Which of the following is a disaccharide?
What is the name of the process that produces glucose?
What is the name of the process that produces glucose?
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A monosaccharide with a ketone functional group is called a ______.
A monosaccharide with a ketone functional group is called a ______.
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A monosaccharide with an aldehyde functional group is called an ______.
A monosaccharide with an aldehyde functional group is called an ______.
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Glucose is a ketose.
Glucose is a ketose.
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How many carbon atoms are in a hexose?
How many carbon atoms are in a hexose?
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Benedict's test is used to detect the presence of ketoses.
Benedict's test is used to detect the presence of ketoses.
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What type of linkage is found in amylose?
What type of linkage is found in amylose?
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Humans can digest cellulose.
Humans can digest cellulose.
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Which of the following is a storage polysaccharide in plants?
Which of the following is a storage polysaccharide in plants?
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Which of the following is a storage polysaccharide in animals?
Which of the following is a storage polysaccharide in animals?
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Disaccharides are formed by the combination of two monosaccharides.
Disaccharides are formed by the combination of two monosaccharides.
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The formation of a disaccharide always results in the loss of a water molecule.
The formation of a disaccharide always results in the loss of a water molecule.
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The orientation of the OH groups involved in the glycosidic bond can affect the structure and properties of the disaccharide.
The orientation of the OH groups involved in the glycosidic bond can affect the structure and properties of the disaccharide.
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What is the name of the bond that links two monosaccharides together in a disaccharide?
What is the name of the bond that links two monosaccharides together in a disaccharide?
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Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?
Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are essential for energy production and metabolic pathways
- Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and energy to create glucose and oxygen.
- Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide and water.
- Glucose is the primary source of energy for living organisms.
Types of Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrate units
- Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharides linked together
- Polysaccharides are composed of many monosaccharides linked together.
Classification of Monosaccharides
- Monosaccharides are classified by functional groups:
- A ketose has a ketone functional group.
- An aldose has an aldehyde functional group.
- Monosaccharides are also classified by the number of carbon atoms:
- Triose (3 carbons)
- Tetrose (4 carbons)
- Pentose (5 carbons)
- Hexose (6 carbons)
- Heptose (7 carbons)
- Octose (8 carbons)
Examples of Monosaccharides
- Aldose Hexose
- Ketose Pentose
- Aldose Tetrose
- Aldose Pentose
Structures of Glucose
- Glucose exists in both linear and ring (cyclic) forms in living organisms.
- β-D-Glucose
- α-D-Glucose
- D-Glucose
Oxidation of Monosaccharides: Benedict's Test
- The Benedict's test is selective in identifying aldoses.
- Aldoses are oxidized in the presence of Cu2+ ions.
- Cu2+ ions change from blue to red precipitate during the oxidation.
Formation of Disaccharides
- Disaccharides are formed by combining monosaccharides through the linkage of hydroxyl (OH) groups.
- The reaction produces water as a byproduct.
- The linkage happens typically at the number one (1) position of one monosaccharide and the number four (4) of the other.
- Geometric arrangement of the OH groups create different linkage types – alpha or beta.
Alpha Linkages
- Alpha linkages are formed when the hydroxyl group (OH) on carbon 1 of one monosaccharide is oriented below the plane of the ring.
Beta Linkages
- Beta linkages are formed when the hydroxyl group (OH) on carbon 1 of one monosaccharide is oriented above the plane of the ring.
Examples of Polysaccharides
- Amylose is a component of starch, with a linear structure.
- Amylopectin is another component of starch, but has a branched structure.
- Glycogen is the animal form of storage carbohydrate. It is highly branched,
- Cellulose forms the structural components of wood and plants. It has beta linkages, not digestible by humans.
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Description
Explore the essential role of carbohydrates in energy production and metabolic pathways. This quiz covers different types of carbohydrates, their classification, and the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Test your understanding of monosaccharides and their functional groups.
