Carbohydrates and Their Types
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Questions and Answers

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

C6H12O6

Which type of carbohydrate is the smallest?

  • Disaccharide
  • Polysaccharide
  • Monosaccharide (correct)

Which of the following is a disaccharide?

  • Starch
  • Cellulose
  • Glucose
  • Sucrose (correct)

What is the name of the process that produces glucose?

<p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

A monosaccharide with a ketone functional group is called a ______.

<p>ketose</p> Signup and view all the answers

A monosaccharide with an aldehyde functional group is called an ______.

<p>aldose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glucose is a ketose.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many carbon atoms are in a hexose?

<p>6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Benedict's test is used to detect the presence of ketoses.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of linkage is found in amylose?

<p>Alpha 1-4 glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

Humans can digest cellulose.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a storage polysaccharide in plants?

<p>Amylose (A), Amylopectin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a storage polysaccharide in animals?

<p>Glycogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Disaccharides are formed by the combination of two monosaccharides.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The formation of a disaccharide always results in the loss of a water molecule.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The orientation of the OH groups involved in the glycosidic bond can affect the structure and properties of the disaccharide.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bond that links two monosaccharides together in a disaccharide?

<p>Glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?

<p>Lactose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, primarily involved in providing energy for living organisms.

Photosynthesis

Process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

Cellular Respiration

Process where glucose is broken down to release energy in the form of ATP.

Glucose

Simple sugar, critical energy source for living organisms.

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Monosaccharides

Simplest carbohydrates; single sugar units.

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Disaccharides

Two monosaccharides joined together.

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Polysaccharides

Complex carbohydrates formed by linking many monosaccharides.

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Aldose

Monosaccharide with an aldehyde functional group.

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Ketose

Monosaccharide with a ketone functional group.

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Triose

Monosaccharide with 3 carbon atoms.

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Pentose

Monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms.

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Hexose

Monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms.

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Benedicts Test

Test to detect the presence of aldoses in a solution.

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Alpha Linkages

Types of bonds that can connect two monosaccharides in a particular orientation (down/up).

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Beta Linkages

Types of bonds that connects two monosaccharides in a particular orientation (up/down).

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Plant Starch (Amylose)

Polysaccharide primarily composed of alpha-1,4 linkages, forming a straight chain

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Plant Starch (Amylopectin)

Polysaccharide composed of primarily alpha-1,4 linkages and some alpha-1,6 linkages creating a highly branched structures.

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Glycogen

Animal starch with alpha-1,4 and 1,6 linkages forming highly branched structures.

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Cellulose

Polysaccharide formed from beta-1,4 linkages forming straight chains.

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Study Notes

Carbohydrates

  • Carbohydrates are essential for energy production and metabolic pathways
  • Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and energy to create glucose and oxygen.
  • Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide and water.
  • Glucose is the primary source of energy for living organisms.

Types of Carbohydrates

  • Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrate units
  • Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharides linked together
  • Polysaccharides are composed of many monosaccharides linked together.

Classification of Monosaccharides

  • Monosaccharides are classified by functional groups:
    • A ketose has a ketone functional group.
    • An aldose has an aldehyde functional group.
  • Monosaccharides are also classified by the number of carbon atoms:
    • Triose (3 carbons)
    • Tetrose (4 carbons)
    • Pentose (5 carbons)
    • Hexose (6 carbons)
    • Heptose (7 carbons)
    • Octose (8 carbons)

Examples of Monosaccharides

  • Aldose Hexose
  • Ketose Pentose
  • Aldose Tetrose
  • Aldose Pentose

Structures of Glucose

  • Glucose exists in both linear and ring (cyclic) forms in living organisms.
    • β-D-Glucose
    • α-D-Glucose
    • D-Glucose

Oxidation of Monosaccharides: Benedict's Test

  • The Benedict's test is selective in identifying aldoses.
  • Aldoses are oxidized in the presence of Cu2+ ions.
  • Cu2+ ions change from blue to red precipitate during the oxidation.

Formation of Disaccharides

  • Disaccharides are formed by combining monosaccharides through the linkage of hydroxyl (OH) groups.
  • The reaction produces water as a byproduct.
  • The linkage happens typically at the number one (1) position of one monosaccharide and the number four (4) of the other.
  • Geometric arrangement of the OH groups create different linkage types – alpha or beta.

Alpha Linkages

  • Alpha linkages are formed when the hydroxyl group (OH) on carbon 1 of one monosaccharide is oriented below the plane of the ring.

Beta Linkages

  • Beta linkages are formed when the hydroxyl group (OH) on carbon 1 of one monosaccharide is oriented above the plane of the ring.

Examples of Polysaccharides

  • Amylose is a component of starch, with a linear structure.
  • Amylopectin is another component of starch, but has a branched structure.
  • Glycogen is the animal form of storage carbohydrate. It is highly branched,
  • Cellulose forms the structural components of wood and plants. It has beta linkages, not digestible by humans.

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Carbohydrates PDF

Description

Explore the essential role of carbohydrates in energy production and metabolic pathways. This quiz covers different types of carbohydrates, their classification, and the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Test your understanding of monosaccharides and their functional groups.

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