Carbohydrates and Disaccharides Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which glycosidic bond configuration is present in maltose?

α(1→2)

N-glycosidic

α(1→4) (correct)

β(1→4)

What type of disaccharide is sucrose classified as?

Polysaccharide

Reducing disaccharide

Amino disaccharide

Non-reducing disaccharide (correct)

Which enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing sucrose?

Invertase (correct)

Amylase

Maltase

Lactase

Which of the following contains a β(1→4) glycosidic bond?

Lactose Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of isomaltose?

Two glucose units Signup and view all the answers

Which sugar is referred to as invert sugar after hydrolysis?

Sucrose Signup and view all the answers

Which type of linkage connects sugar to nitrogen in N-glycosides?

N-glycosidic linkage Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of reducing disaccharides?

They contain a free keto or aldehyde group Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes homopolysaccharides from heteropolysaccharides?

Homopolysaccharides contain only one type of monosaccharide unit. Signup and view all the answers

Which component primarily defines the water solubility of starch?

The ratio of amylopectin to amylose. Signup and view all the answers

Which polysaccharide serves as the primary energy storage molecule in animal cells?

Glycogen. Signup and view all the answers

What type of glycosidic linkages are found in amylose?

A(1-4) linkages. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding glycogen's structure?

Glycogen is primarily composed of branched A(1-6) linkages. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cellulose in plants?

Formation of the cell wall. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is shared by both starch and glycogen?

Both contain only glucose units. Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is not typically associated with polysaccharides?

Involvement in direct energy generation in metabolic pathways. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a reaction that produces sugar acids?

Oxidation of the last hydroxyl carbon Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes deoxy sugars?

Absence of one oxygen atom Signup and view all the answers

Which amino sugar is commonly found in glycoproteins and involved in the synthetic pathway in connective tissues?

Glucosamine Signup and view all the answers

What type of acid is formed by the oxidation of both the carbonyl carbon and the last hydroxyl carbon in a monosaccharide?

Aldaric acid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is a sugar alcohol derived from glucose?

Sorbitol Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the phosphorylation of a monosaccharide?

A phosphate group is added using ATP Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies a sugar acid resulting from the oxidation of glucose?

Glucuronic acid Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about amino sugars and their acids is true?

Amino sugar acids are linked to glycoproteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structural difference between glycogen and amylopectin?

Glycogen has more branch points occurring every 8 to 12 residues. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cellulose is correct?

Cellulose contains B-(1-4) glycosidic linkages. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily distinguishes chitin from cellulose?

Chitin has N-acetyl glucosamine units instead of glucose. Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of dextrans?

Poly-D-glucose linked primarily by (1-6) linkages with branches. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about inulin is true?

Inulin serves as a storage carbohydrate in various plants. Signup and view all the answers

What role do cellulolytic microorganisms play in relation to cellulose?

They can hydrolyze cellulose through the production of cellulase. Signup and view all the answers

Which sugars are produced when inulin is hydrolyzed?

Only D-fructose. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Carbohydrate Chemistry

Carbohydrates are crucial for various biological functions, serving as structural components and energy sources.
Monosaccharides are the most basic units of carbohydrates.
Derivatives of monosaccharides include sugar phosphates, sugar alcohols, sugar acids, deoxy sugars, and amino sugars.

Derivatives of Monosaccharides

Sugar Phosphates: These derivatives are involved in phosphorylation reactions, catalyzed by protein kinases using ATP as a phosphate source.
Sugar Alcohols: Monosaccharides can be reduced to sugar alcohols at the carbonyl carbon. Examples include glucose to sorbitol, galactose to dulcitol, and mannose to mannitol.
Sugar Acids: Oxidation of the carbonyl group or terminal hydroxyl group results in aldonic acids and uronic acids. Glucose can be oxidized into gluconic or glucuronic acid.
Deoxy Sugars: These sugars have a hydroxyl group replaced by a hydrogen atom. Deoxyribose, found in ATP and DNA, is an example. L-Fucose is found in glycoproteins.
Amino Sugars: The hydroxyl group at carbon number 2 is replaced by an amino or acetyl-amino group. Examples include glucosamine, galactosamine, and mannosamine. Sialic acid is a nine-carbon amino sugar.

Glycosidic Bonds

Glycosidic bonds link monosaccharides to form disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Bonds are named based on the position of the anomeric carbon and whether it's an alpha or beta configuration.
A(1-4) and A(1-6) glycosidic bonds are examples.

Disaccharides

Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharide units linked by a glycosidic bond.
Examples of reducing disaccharides include maltose and lactose which contain a free aldehyde or keto group. Sucrose is a non-reducing disaccharide, lacking a free aldehyde or keto group.

Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds.
Homopolysaccharides contain one type of monosaccharide unit, while heteropolysaccharides contain two or more.
Examples of homopolysaccharides include starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
Starch, composed of amylose and amylopectin, is a storage carbohydrate in plants.
Glycogen is a storage carbohydrate in animals.
Cellulose is a structural component of plant cell walls.
Chitin is a structural component of arthropod exoskeletons.
Dextrans are bacterial polysaccharides.

Other Carbohydrates

Inulin is a fructose polymer.

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Description

Test your knowledge on carbohydrates, specifically focusing on disaccharides, glycosidic bonds, and enzyme functions. This quiz covers various aspects of sugar composition and structure, including maltose, sucrose, and polysaccharides. Perfect for students studying biochemistry or related fields.