Carbohydrates and Blood Glucose Regulation

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How does the structure of D-galactose differ from that of D-glucose?

It differs at carbon 4. (correct)

It differs at carbon 5.

It differs at carbon 1 and carbon 2.

There is no correct response, the structures are identical.

Which of the following is the correct Fischer projection formula for D-glucose?

$\ce{HO-C-H}$ $\ce{H-C-OH}$ $\ce{H-C-OH}$ $\ce{H-C=O}$ $\ce{H-C-OH}$

$\ce{HO-C-H}$ $\ce{H-C-OH}$ $\ce{H-C-OH}$ $\ce{H-C-OH}$ $\ce{H-C-OH}$

$\ce{HO-C-H}$ $\ce{H-C-OH}$ $\ce{H-C-OH}$ $\ce{H-C-OH}$ $\ce{H-C=O}$

$\ce{HO-C-H}$ $\ce{H-C-OH}$ $\ce{H-C=O}$ $\ce{H-C-OH}$ $\ce{H-C-OH}$ (correct)

How does the structure of D-fructose differ from that of D-glucose?

It differs at carbon 1 and carbon 2. (correct)

There is no correct response, the structures are identical.

It differs at carbon 5.

It differs at carbon 4.

Which of the following is a component of DNA molecules?

2-deoxy-D-ribose (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following monosaccharides is a primary energy source for cells?

D-glucose (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following monosaccharides is used to synthesize lactose (milk sugar) in the human body?

D-galactose (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the smallest monosaccharide that can exist?

Trioses (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following monosaccharides is a chiral molecule?

D-glyceraldehyde (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following monosaccharides is the most abundant in nature?

Glucose (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following monosaccharides is not nutritious and cannot be used by the human body?

L-Glucose (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common use of D-Glucose in a medical setting?

Intravenous source of nourishment (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following monosaccharides is a ketohexose?

Fructose (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of acidic sugar is produced when a monosaccharide is oxidized using a strong oxidizing agent?

Aldaric acid (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not one of the five important reactions of monosaccharides mentioned in the text?

Dehydration Reaction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of acidic sugar is produced when a monosaccharide is oxidized using a weak oxidizing agent?

Aldonic acid (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the structure of monosaccharides is correct?

Carbon atoms not part of the ring are always attached to ring carbon atoms adjacent to the oxygen atom. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glucuronic acid in the structure of polysaccharides?

Glucuronic acid is a structural component of the polysaccharide hyaluronic acid. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between glucose oxidation and diabetes testing?

Diabetes testing involves the oxidation of glucose to produce an acidic sugar, which is then measured. (C) Signup and view all the answers