Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a major monosaccharide found in the human body and diet?
Which of the following is NOT a major monosaccharide found in the human body and diet?
- Maltose (correct)
- Fructose
- Galactose
- Glucose
How are ingested disaccharides and polysaccharides broken down into monosaccharides?
How are ingested disaccharides and polysaccharides broken down into monosaccharides?
- By oxidation
- By hydrolysis (correct)
- By condensation
- By reduction
Which proteins are involved in the transport of glucose across intestinal epithelial cells and into the bloodstream?
Which proteins are involved in the transport of glucose across intestinal epithelial cells and into the bloodstream?
- Insulin
- SGLUTs
- GLUTs and SGLUTs (correct)
- GLUTs
What is the role of glucose transporters (GLUTs) in the transport of glucose into and out of cells?
What is the role of glucose transporters (GLUTs) in the transport of glucose into and out of cells?
What is lactose intolerance?
What is lactose intolerance?
Flashcards
Major Monosaccharides in Humans
Major Monosaccharides in Humans
The three main simple sugars found in the human body and diet are glucose, fructose, and galactose. These are the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates.
Disaccharide & Polysaccharide Breakdown
Disaccharide & Polysaccharide Breakdown
Larger carbohydrates like disaccharides (e.g., sucrose) and polysaccharides (e.g., starch) are broken down into their individual monosaccharide units through hydrolysis.
Glucose Transport Proteins
Glucose Transport Proteins
GLUTs (glucose transporters) are proteins embedded in cell membranes that facilitate the movement of glucose across the membrane. These proteins are crucial for regulating glucose levels in the body.
SGLUTs: Sugar & Sodium Co-Transport
SGLUTs: Sugar & Sodium Co-Transport
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Lactose Intolerance
Lactose Intolerance
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Study Notes
Monosaccharides
- Fructose, galactose, and glucose are the three major monosaccharides found in the human body and diet.
Breakdown of Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
- Ingested disaccharides and polysaccharides are broken down into monosaccharides through enzymatic hydrolysis in the small intestine.
Glucose Transport
- The proteins SGLT1 and GLUT2 are involved in the transport of glucose across intestinal epithelial cells and into the bloodstream.
- SGLT1 is a sodium-dependent glucose transporter, while GLUT2 is an insulin-independent glucose transporter.
Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)
- GLUTs are a family of proteins involved in the transport of glucose into and out of cells.
- GLUTs facilitate the movement of glucose down its concentration gradient, allowing cells to take up or release glucose as needed.
Lactose Intolerance
- Lactose intolerance is a condition in which the small intestine is unable to digest lactose, a disaccharide found in milk, due to a deficiency of the enzyme lactase.
- This leads to the accumulation of lactose in the colon, where it is fermented by bacteria, producing gas and short-chain fatty acids, resulting in symptoms such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the metabolism of carbohydrates with this quiz! Topics covered include the classification, digestion, and transport of carbohydrates, with a focus on GLUTs and SGLUTs. Designed for students studying biochemistry and genetics, this quiz will assess your ability to identify and explain major monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides found in the human body and diet.
