Carbohydrate Metabolism Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the major hexose found in blood?

  • Fructose
  • Glucose (correct)
  • Sucrose
  • Galactose

    • What are polysaccharides?

  • Simple sugar molecules
  • Polymers of monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds (correct)
  • Formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides
  • Compounds composed of C, H, and O

    • What is glycolysis?

  • A pathway in the anabolism of all sugars
  • A pathway in the metabolism of lipids
  • A pathway in the metabolism of proteins
  • A pathway in the catabolism of all sugars (correct)

    • What causes lactose intolerance?

    <p>Low activity of the enzyme lactase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of consuming cellulose?

    <p>It cannot be digested in the human gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of galactosaemia?

    <p>Damage to the liver, kidney, brain, and lens of the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of anaerobic glycolysis?

    <p>Production of lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are disaccharides?

    <p>Formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major hexose found in blood?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are polysaccharides?

    <p>Polymers of monosaccharide units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central pathway in the catabolism of all sugars?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lactose intolerance?

    <p>Inability to digest lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is galactosaemia?

    <p>Absence of Galactokinase or Galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of anaerobic glycolysis?

    <p>Lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cellulose?

    <p>A polysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are monosaccharides?

    <p>Simple sugar molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are carbohydrates composed of?

    <p>C, H, and O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are monosaccharides?

    <p>Simple sugar molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the major hexose found in blood?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are disaccharides formed?

    <p>By the condensation of two monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are polysaccharides?

    <p>Polymers of monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't cellulose be digested in the human gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Due to the lack of enzymes that can hydrolyze its β-1, 4 linkages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are dietary polysaccharides hydrolyzed by glycosidase enzymes?

    <p>In the mouth and duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is glucose concentration in the blood normally held relatively constant?

    <p>Because some tissues have an absolute requirement for glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is glycolysis?

    <p>The central pathway in the catabolism of all sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does anaerobic glycolysis produce when oxygen supply is inadequate or in cells without mitochondria?

    <p>Lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes lactose intolerance?

    <p>Low activity of the enzyme lactase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is galactosaemia characterized by?

    <p>The absence of Galactokinase or Galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbohydrates are composed of C, H, and O.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monosaccharides can only be aldoses.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucose is the major hexose found in blood.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two polysaccharides.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellulose can be digested in the human gastrointestinal tract.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dietary polysaccharides are hydrolyzed by glycosidase enzymes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The liver is the major site of glucose, fructose, and galactose metabolism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycolysis generates ATP, NADH, and useful intermediates for anabolism.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anaerobic glycolysis occurs only in cells without mitochondria.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lactate production always equals lactate utilization.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lactose intolerance is caused by low activity of lactase.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Galactose 1-phosphate accumulation can lead to cataracts, glaucoma, and damage to the liver, kidney, and brain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are carbohydrates composed of?

    <p>C, H, and O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sugar is the most commonly occurring?

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major hexose found in blood?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between aldoses and ketoses?

    <p>The position of the carbonyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason cellulose cannot be digested in the human gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Lack of enzymes that can hydrolyze β-1, 4 linkages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymes hydrolyze dietary polysaccharides?

    <p>Glycosidase enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is the major site of fructose and galactose metabolism?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of anaerobic glycolysis?

    <p>Lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lactic acidosis?

    <p>High concentrations of lactate causing acidification of the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes lactose intolerance?

    <p>Low activity of the enzyme lactase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is galactosaemia?

    <p>A condition caused by a lack of Galactokinase or Galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can accumulation of galactose and Galactose 1-phosphate in tissues lead to?

    <p>Cataracts, glaucoma, and damage to the liver, kidney, and brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Carbohydrate Metabolism

    • Carbohydrates are compounds composed of C, H, and O, and exist as mono, di, and polysaccharides.
    • Monosaccharides are simple sugar molecules and can be aldoses or ketoses.
    • Glucose is the major hexose found in blood, while fructose and galactose may appear depending on dietary intake.
    • Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides.
    • Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds, and most are homo-polymers made by the polymerization of one type of monosaccharide.
    • Cellulose, found in plants, cannot be digested in the human gastrointestinal tract due to the lack of enzymes that can hydrolyze its β-1, 4 linkages.
    • Dietary polysaccharides are hydrolyzed by glycosidase enzymes in the mouth and duodenum.
    • Glucose concentration in the blood is normally held relatively constant as some tissues have an absolute requirement for glucose.
    • Glycolysis is the central pathway in the catabolism of all sugars and consists of 10 enzyme-catalyzed steps that occur in the cell cytoplasm.
    • Anaerobic glycolysis, when oxygen supply is inadequate or in cells without mitochondria, produces lactate which is released into the circulation where it is converted back to pyruvate and oxidized to CO2 or converted to glucose.
    • Lactose intolerance is caused by low activity of the enzyme lactase which hydrolyses lactose to release glucose and galactose.
    • Galactosaemia is characterized by the absence of Galactokinase or Galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase, leading to the accumulation of galactose and Galactose 1-phosphate in tissues causing damage to the liver, kidney, brain, and lens of the eye.

    Carbohydrate Metabolism

    • Carbohydrates are compounds composed of C, H, and O, and exist as mono, di, and polysaccharides.
    • Monosaccharides are simple sugar molecules and can be aldoses or ketoses.
    • Glucose is the major hexose found in blood, while fructose and galactose may appear depending on dietary intake.
    • Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides.
    • Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds, and most are homo-polymers made by the polymerization of one type of monosaccharide.
    • Cellulose, found in plants, cannot be digested in the human gastrointestinal tract due to the lack of enzymes that can hydrolyze its β-1, 4 linkages.
    • Dietary polysaccharides are hydrolyzed by glycosidase enzymes in the mouth and duodenum.
    • Glucose concentration in the blood is normally held relatively constant as some tissues have an absolute requirement for glucose.
    • Glycolysis is the central pathway in the catabolism of all sugars and consists of 10 enzyme-catalyzed steps that occur in the cell cytoplasm.
    • Anaerobic glycolysis, when oxygen supply is inadequate or in cells without mitochondria, produces lactate which is released into the circulation where it is converted back to pyruvate and oxidized to CO2 or converted to glucose.
    • Lactose intolerance is caused by low activity of the enzyme lactase which hydrolyses lactose to release glucose and galactose.
    • Galactosaemia is characterized by the absence of Galactokinase or Galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase, leading to the accumulation of galactose and Galactose 1-phosphate in tissues causing damage to the liver, kidney, brain, and lens of the eye.

    Carbohydrate Metabolism

    • Carbohydrates are compounds composed of C, H, and O, and exist as mono, di, and polysaccharides.
    • Monosaccharides are simple sugar molecules and can be aldoses or ketoses.
    • Glucose is the major hexose found in blood, while fructose and galactose may appear depending on dietary intake.
    • Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides.
    • Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds, and most are homo-polymers made by the polymerization of one type of monosaccharide.
    • Cellulose, found in plants, cannot be digested in the human gastrointestinal tract due to the lack of enzymes that can hydrolyze its β-1, 4 linkages.
    • Dietary polysaccharides are hydrolyzed by glycosidase enzymes in the mouth and duodenum.
    • Glucose concentration in the blood is normally held relatively constant as some tissues have an absolute requirement for glucose.
    • Glycolysis is the central pathway in the catabolism of all sugars and consists of 10 enzyme-catalyzed steps that occur in the cell cytoplasm.
    • Anaerobic glycolysis, when oxygen supply is inadequate or in cells without mitochondria, produces lactate which is released into the circulation where it is converted back to pyruvate and oxidized to CO2 or converted to glucose.
    • Lactose intolerance is caused by low activity of the enzyme lactase which hydrolyses lactose to release glucose and galactose.
    • Galactosaemia is characterized by the absence of Galactokinase or Galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase, leading to the accumulation of galactose and Galactose 1-phosphate in tissues causing damage to the liver, kidney, brain, and lens of the eye.

    Carbohydrate Metabolism: Structures, Digestion, and Pathways

    • Carbohydrates are compounds composed of C, H, and O, and exist as mono, di, and polysaccharides.
    • Monosaccharides are the most commonly occurring sugars and can be aldoses or ketoses.
    • Glucose is the major hexose found in blood, while fructose and galactose may appear for short periods depending on dietary intake.
    • Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides, and polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds.
    • Cellulose, found in plants, cannot be digested in the human gastrointestinal tract due to the lack of enzymes that can hydrolyze β-1, 4 linkages.
    • Dietary polysaccharides are hydrolyzed by glycosidase enzymes, releasing glucose, maltose, and smaller polysaccharides.
    • The liver is the major site of fructose and galactose metabolism, while all tissues can remove glucose, fructose, and galactose from the blood.
    • Glycolysis is the central pathway in the catabolism of all sugars and generates ATP, NADH, building block molecules for anabolism, and useful intermediates for specific cell functions.
    • Anaerobic glycolysis occurs when there is inadequate oxygen supply or in cells without mitochondria, and pyruvate is reduced to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase.
    • Normally, the amount of lactate produced equals the amount of lactate utilized, but high concentrations can cause lactic acidosis.
    • Lactose intolerance is caused by low activity of the enzyme lactase, while galactosaemia is caused by a lack of Galactokinase or Galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase.
    • Galactose and Galactose 1-phosphate accumulation in tissues can lead to cataracts, glaucoma, and damage to the liver, kidney, and brain.

    Carbohydrate Metabolism: Structures, Digestion, and Pathways

    • Carbohydrates are compounds composed of C, H, and O, and exist as mono, di, and polysaccharides.
    • Monosaccharides are the most commonly occurring sugars and can be aldoses or ketoses.
    • Glucose is the major hexose found in blood, while fructose and galactose may appear for short periods depending on dietary intake.
    • Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides, and polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds.
    • Cellulose, found in plants, cannot be digested in the human gastrointestinal tract due to the lack of enzymes that can hydrolyze β-1, 4 linkages.
    • Dietary polysaccharides are hydrolyzed by glycosidase enzymes, releasing glucose, maltose, and smaller polysaccharides.
    • The liver is the major site of fructose and galactose metabolism, while all tissues can remove glucose, fructose, and galactose from the blood.
    • Glycolysis is the central pathway in the catabolism of all sugars and generates ATP, NADH, building block molecules for anabolism, and useful intermediates for specific cell functions.
    • Anaerobic glycolysis occurs when there is inadequate oxygen supply or in cells without mitochondria, and pyruvate is reduced to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase.
    • Normally, the amount of lactate produced equals the amount of lactate utilized, but high concentrations can cause lactic acidosis.
    • Lactose intolerance is caused by low activity of the enzyme lactase, while galactosaemia is caused by a lack of Galactokinase or Galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase.
    • Galactose and Galactose 1-phosphate accumulation in tissues can lead to cataracts, glaucoma, and damage to the liver, kidney, and brain.

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    Carbohydrate Metabolism Module PDF

    Description

    How well do you know carbohydrate metabolism? Test your knowledge with our quiz and learn about the different types of carbohydrates, their structures, and how they are metabolized in the body. From monosaccharides to polysaccharides, glycolysis to lactose intolerance, this quiz covers all the essential topics related to carbohydrate metabolism. Challenge yourself and see how much you know!

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