30 Questions
What is the main endocrine role of the pancreas?
Regulating blood glucose levels through insulin and glucagon secretion
In what situation would blood glucose levels spike after a meal?
When insulin secretion rises
What is the function of insulin in glucose uptake by cells?
To allow glucose to enter cells from the bloodstream
What role does glucagon play when blood glucose levels are too low?
It increases blood glucose levels
What happens when insulin binds to its receptors on the cell surface?
Glucose transporters move to the cell's surface
What can cause glucose to remain in the blood and lead to high blood glucose levels?
Insulin deficiency or insulin resistance
What percentage of carbohydrate digestion occurs in the mouth?
5-10%
What is the main product of salivary amylase breaking down starch?
Maltose and glucose
Where does most carbohydrate digestion occur?
Small intestine
What inactivates salivary amylase in the stomach?
High acidity
What triggers the release of pancreatic juice into the small intestine?
Cholecystokinin (CCK) hormone
What is the function of microvilli in carbohydrate digestion?
To provide a surface area for enzyme action
What is the role of salivary amylase in the digestion process?
It promotes the digestion of carbohydrates
What is the main function of pancreatic juice secreted by the pancreas?
Promote digestion of carbohydrates
Which hormone is involved in lowering blood glucose levels?
Insulin
What is the term for a state of low blood glucose levels?
Hypoglycemia
What is the main function of exocrine cells in the pancreas?
Secretion of pancreatic juice
What is the function of the endocrine pancreas?
Secretion of hormones into the bloodstream
Which enzyme begins the digestion of starch in the mouth?
Salivary amylase
Which enzyme completes the digestion of starch into glucose in the small intestine?
Pancreatic amylase
What is the primary function of dietary fibre in the human body?
Prevention of rapid glucose absorption
Which of the following foods contains the highest amount of amylopectin?
Potatoes
What is the main difference between amylose and amylopectin?
Amylopectin is composed of branched chains of glucose, while amylose is made up of linear chains
Which of the following organs is NOT involved in starch digestion?
Stomach
What is the role of brush border enzymes in carbohydrate digestion?
They are responsible for the breakdown of complex carbohydrates into monosaccharides in the small intestine.
What happens to glucose after it is absorbed into the blood capillaries in the small intestine?
It enters the general circulation.
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down lactose in the small intestine?
Lactase
What is the role of salivary amylase in carbohydrate digestion?
It breaks down complex carbohydrates into maltose in the stomach.
What is the principal function of pancreatic amylase in carbohydrate digestion?
It breaks down complex carbohydrates into maltose, maltotriose, and dextrins in the small intestine.
What is the condition that occurs when there is insufficient secretion of lactase?
Lactose intolerance
Learn about the process of carbohydrate digestion starting from the mouth to the esophagus. Understand the role of salivary amylase and the limited absorption of carbohydrates in the mouth.
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