Carbohydrate Digestion and Enzymes Quiz L4

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice during protein digestion?

Stimulates pancreas to release proteolytic enzymes

Activates pepsinogen and aids in amino acid absorption

Neutralizes the pH for optimal enzyme activity

Kills some bacteria and denatures proteins (correct)

What is the role of pepsin in protein digestion?

Inhibits the action of pancreatic enzymes

Hydrolyzes denatured proteins into smaller peptides (correct)

Activates hydrochloric acid in gastric juice

Neutralizes the pH of stomach contents

Why are dietary proteins too large to be absorbed by the intestine?

The stomach lacks the capacity to digest large proteins

Proteins are insoluble in the intestinal environment

They must be hydrolyzed to their constituent amino acids for absorption (correct)

Intestinal cells lack the necessary transport mechanisms for large proteins

Which organ is responsible for secreting pepsinogen, the inactive zymogen of pepsin?

Stomach Signup and view all the answers

What activates pepsinogen to form active pepsin in the stomach?

HCl and pepsin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of acid-stable endopeptidase in gastric juice?

Hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving oligopeptides into free amino acids and smaller peptides in the small intestine?

Enteropeptidase Signup and view all the answers

What is the problematic fraction of gluten that can cause immune damage to the small intestine's villi in individuals with celiac disease?

Gliadin Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the release of a watery solution rich in bicarbonate for neutralizing pH in the duodenum?

Secretin Signup and view all the answers

Which disease can lead to abnormalities in the transport of cystine and dibasic amino acids, potentially causing kidney stones?

Cystinuria Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme hydrolyzes carbohydrates with α-1,4 and α-1,6 bonds, and is found in salivary and pancreatic secretions?

\alpha-amylase Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cellulose due to the lack of a specific enzyme in the human body?

It is not absorbed by the body Signup and view all the answers

Where does the digestion of disaccharides into monosaccharides take place?

Duodenum and upper jejunum Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme continues the process of carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?

Pancreatic α-amylase Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down lactose?

Lactase Signup and view all the answers

What can abnormal levels of serum α-amylase indicate?

Acute pancreatitis Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone regulates the secretion of digestive enzymes?

Cholecystokinin Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical consequence of lactose intolerance?

Malabsorption of lactose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes convert trypsinogen to trypsin?

Trypsin Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal serum level of a-amylases?

30 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes is deficient in an infant with diarrhea and abdominal distention after breastfeeding?

Lactase Signup and view all the answers

What are some effects of Cholecystokinin (CCK)?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What amino acids transport is affected in cystinuria?

$Cystine$, $Ornithine$, $Lysine$, $Arginine$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of proteolytic enzymes?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What converts trypsinogen to trypsin?

Trypsin Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme stimulates the release of pancreatic digestive enzymes?

CCK (Cholecystokinin) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Substrate for intestinal disaccharidases: Disaccharides like isomaltose, maltose, sucrose, and lactose
Intestinal disaccharidases' location and enzymes: 1) Isomaltase and α(1,6) glucosidase at the jejunum mucosal lining, 2) Maltase and sucrose at the brush border membranes of the intestinal mucosal cells
Starch and glycogen hydrolysis: α-amylase hydrolyzes α(1,4) glycosidic bonds in starch and glycogen, producing a mixture of short oligosaccharides and disaccharides (maltose and isomaltose)
No carbohydrate digestion occurs in the stomach due to its acidic environment, which inactivates salivary α-amylase
Pancreatic α-amylase continues the process of carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine
Clinical significance of α-amylase: Abnormal levels in serum can indicate acute pancreatitis
Digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine: 1) Disaccharidases break down disaccharides into monosaccharides, 2) Monosaccharides are absorbed by the intestinal mucosal cells in the duodenum and upper jejunum using specific transporters (GLUTs)
Lactose intolerance: Caused by lactase deficiency, undigested lactose in the large intestine leads to osmotic diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and flatulence due to bacterial fermentation
Protein digestion: Produced by the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine, enzymes like HCL and Pepsin in the stomach, pancreatic zymogens (trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, elastase, and carboxypeptidases), and intestinal aminopeptidase complete the digestion and absorption process intracellularly
Hormonal control: Hormones like cholecystokinin and secretin regulate the digestion and secretion of digestive enzymes
Cellulose digestion: Cannot be digested due to the absence of an enzyme that can hydrolyze the β(1-4) bonds, but it has several beneficial effects

These bullet points provide a detailed summary of the key facts, figures, and entities discussed in the text, making it easier to understand the complex topic of carbohydrate digestion and absorption in humans.

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Description

Test your knowledge of carbohydrate digestion and enzymes with this quiz. Explore topics such as the substrates, locations, and products of key digestive enzymes involved in breaking down carbohydrates.