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Questions and Answers
What is the minimum overall pass grade required to pass the module?
What is the minimum overall pass grade required to pass the module?
Which process is NOT covered in Week 02?
Which process is NOT covered in Week 02?
Biochemistry can best be defined as which of the following?
Biochemistry can best be defined as which of the following?
Which week focuses on Protein Digestion and Absorption?
Which week focuses on Protein Digestion and Absorption?
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How are the final exams weighted in the grading system?
How are the final exams weighted in the grading system?
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Which topic is addressed in Week 04 according to the module topics?
Which topic is addressed in Week 04 according to the module topics?
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What is the primary focus of the first week of the module?
What is the primary focus of the first week of the module?
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Which of the following topics is included in Week 09?
Which of the following topics is included in Week 09?
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What is the main role of dietary carbohydrates?
What is the main role of dietary carbohydrates?
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Which of the following carbohydrates is classified as a disaccharide?
Which of the following carbohydrates is classified as a disaccharide?
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Which type of carbohydrate is non-digestible and provides health benefits?
Which type of carbohydrate is non-digestible and provides health benefits?
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Where does the digestion of carbohydrates primarily occur?
Where does the digestion of carbohydrates primarily occur?
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What is the primary function of carbohydrates in plants?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in plants?
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Which of the following is a structural carbohydrate found in plant cell walls?
Which of the following is a structural carbohydrate found in plant cell walls?
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Which of the following carbohydrates is synthesized from glucose in animals?
Which of the following carbohydrates is synthesized from glucose in animals?
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What is the calorific value of digestible carbohydrates?
What is the calorific value of digestible carbohydrates?
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What type of sugar is lactose classified as?
What type of sugar is lactose classified as?
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What process do plants use to create carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water?
What process do plants use to create carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water?
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Which carbohydrate is a polymer formed from glucose and is used in plant cell walls?
Which carbohydrate is a polymer formed from glucose and is used in plant cell walls?
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Which carbohydrate is primarily stored in animal liver and muscles?
Which carbohydrate is primarily stored in animal liver and muscles?
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In which form do plants primarily store carbohydrates?
In which form do plants primarily store carbohydrates?
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Which of the following carbohydrates is formed by the combination of glucose and galactose?
Which of the following carbohydrates is formed by the combination of glucose and galactose?
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What type of molecule are amino acids categorized as?
What type of molecule are amino acids categorized as?
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Which of the following statements about monosaccharides is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about monosaccharides is incorrect?
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At which site does the digestion of carbohydrates begin?
At which site does the digestion of carbohydrates begin?
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Which enzyme is NOT involved in carbohydrate digestion in the intestines?
Which enzyme is NOT involved in carbohydrate digestion in the intestines?
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What is the primary product of starch digestion by Salivary Amylase?
What is the primary product of starch digestion by Salivary Amylase?
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Which digestive enzyme is secreted by the Pancreas?
Which digestive enzyme is secreted by the Pancreas?
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Which of the following is the end product of lactose digestion?
Which of the following is the end product of lactose digestion?
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What happens to carbohydrate digestion in the stomach?
What happens to carbohydrate digestion in the stomach?
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Which enzyme acts on maltotriose and maltose to produce glucose?
Which enzyme acts on maltotriose and maltose to produce glucose?
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Which product is formed by the action of Dextrinase?
Which product is formed by the action of Dextrinase?
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What are the end products of carbohydrate digestion?
What are the end products of carbohydrate digestion?
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What monosaccharides are absorbed through active transport in the intestine?
What monosaccharides are absorbed through active transport in the intestine?
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Which mechanism is responsible for the facilitated transport of fructose?
Which mechanism is responsible for the facilitated transport of fructose?
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Why is glucose included in Oral Rehydration Therapy?
Why is glucose included in Oral Rehydration Therapy?
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Where does the absorption of monosaccharides primarily occur?
Where does the absorption of monosaccharides primarily occur?
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What prevents the digestion of cellulose in humans?
What prevents the digestion of cellulose in humans?
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What is the pH range in which lactose digestion occurs in the stomach?
What is the pH range in which lactose digestion occurs in the stomach?
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What is the main purpose of the sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT1)?
What is the main purpose of the sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT1)?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrate Digestion & Absorption
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Digestion is the process of breaking down food into monomers.
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It occurs mainly in the Mouth and Duodenum.
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Dietary Carbohydrates include digestible and non-digestible carbohydrates.
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Digestible carbohydrates are the primary source of energy.
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Non-digestible carbohydrates, like dietary fiber, promote gut motility and have beneficial effects on the body.
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Carbohydrate digestion occurs in three primary sites: Mouth, Duodenum, and Upper Jejunum of the Small Intestine.
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Digestive enzymes called glycosidases speed up the hydrolysis of carbohydrates.
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Salivary Amylase is secreted by Salivary glands and breaks down starch and glycogen into dextrin, maltotriose, maltose, and isomaltose.
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Pancreatic Amylase is secreted by the Pancreas and breaks down starch and glycogen into limit dextrin, maltotriose, maltose, and isomaltose.
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Intestinal Brush Border Enzymes are located in the microvilli of the Small Intestine and complete digestion.
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The five intestinal brush border enzymes include:
- Maltase breaks down maltotriose or maltose into glucose.
- Isomaltase breaks down isomaltose into glucose.
- Lactase breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.
- Sucrase breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose.
- Dextrinase breaks down dextrin and limit dextrin into glucose.
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Digestion begins in the Mouth, stops in the Stomach due to acidity, and is completed in the Duodenum and Upper Jejunum.
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The end products of carbohydrate digestion are monosaccharides: glucose, fructose, and galactose, as well as undigested cellulose.
Carbohydrate Absorption
- Absorption is the process of transferring monomers into circulation (blood or lymph).
- It occurs in the Ileum.
- Monosaccharides are absorbed through intestinal mucosal cells into the bloodstream.
- Active Transport is used to absorb glucose and galactose against the concentration gradient via the SGLT1 (sodium glucose transporter).
- Facilitated (Passive) Transport is used to absorb fructose with the concentration gradient via the GLUT5 (glucose transporter 5).
Glucose in Oral Rehydration Therapy
- Glucose is a key component of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT).
- Glucose and sodium share the same transport mechanism, allowing for glucose to assist in the absorption of sodium.
- This sodium absorption then drags water into the intestinal cells and into the body, which is helpful in the treatment of diarrhea.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential processes involved in carbohydrate digestion and absorption. It emphasizes the roles of different enzymes, site of digestion, and the distinction between digestible and non-digestible carbohydrates. Test your knowledge on how carbohydrates provide energy and promote gut health!
