Questions and Answers
What is a carbohydrate?
What is a monosaccharide?
Any class of sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar.
Define disaccharide.
Any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues.
What is an isomer?
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What is glycogen?
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Describe starch.
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What is cellulose?
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Define glucose.
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What is fructose?
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Describe galactose.
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What is sucrose?
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Define lactose.
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What is maltose?
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What is a condensation reaction?
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Define hydrolysis.
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are organic compounds found in foods and living tissues, including sugars, starch, and cellulose.
- They play a crucial role in energy storage and supply in organisms.
Monosaccharides
- Monosaccharides are the simplest form of sugars that cannot be broken down into simpler sugars.
- Examples include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
Disaccharides
- Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharide units linked together.
- Common examples include sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
Isomers
- Isomers are compounds with the same chemical formula but different structures and properties.
- This concept is significant in understanding the diversity of carbohydrates.
Glycogen
- Glycogen serves as a carbohydrate storage form in animals, primarily found in the liver and muscles.
- It is a polysaccharide that can be broken down into glucose when energy is needed.
Starch
- Starch is a key carbohydrate reserve in plants, stored mainly in tubers and seeds.
- It is tasteless, odorless, and comprised of long chains of glucose monomers.
Cellulose
- Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, providing rigidity and strength.
- It consists of glucose monomers, but humans cannot digest it, making it an important dietary fiber.
Glucose
- Glucose is a vital simple sugar that is a primary energy source for living cells.
- It is involved in various metabolic processes and is a building block for other carbohydrates.
Fructose
- Fructose is a hexose sugar prevalent in fruits and honey, contributing to sweetness and energy.
- It is often found in combination with glucose in sucrose.
Galactose
- Galactose is a hexose sugar that forms part of lactose, the sugar found in milk.
- It is also a component of various polysaccharides.
Sucrose
- Sucrose is known as table sugar and is derived from cane or beet sources.
- It is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose.
Lactose
- Lactose is a disaccharide sugar in milk, made of glucose and galactose units.
- Its digestion can be problematic for some individuals due to lactose intolerance.
Maltose
- Maltose is a disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules, often produced during starch breakdown.
- It is found in malted foods and beverages.
Condensation Reaction
- A condensation reaction occurs when two molecules combine with the release of a smaller molecule, typically water as a byproduct.
- This process is crucial in forming disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Hydrolysis
- Hydrolysis is the chemical breakdown of a compound due to its reaction with water.
- It is essential for digesting carbohydrates, converting polysaccharides back into monosaccharides.
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Description
Test your knowledge of carbohydrates with these flashcards. Each card presents a key term defined in the context of organic compounds, including monosaccharides and disaccharides. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of this essential topic in biology and nutrition.
