2 Carbohydrate and Protein Digestion Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme is NOT involved in carbohydrate digestion?

  • Sucrase
  • Aminopeptidase (correct)
  • Lactase
  • Isomaltase

    • What is the primary site of absorption for monosaccharides?

  • Large intestine
  • Stomach
  • Mouth
  • Small intestine (correct)

    • What type of transport mechanism is used for the entry of monosaccharides into enterocytes?

  • Simple diffusion
  • Active transport
  • Na+/glucose co-transport (correct)
  • Facilitated diffusion

    • What are the products of carbohydrate digestion?

    <p>Glucose, Galactose, and Fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the villus in the intestine?

    <p>Absorption of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is protein primarily absorbed in the enterocyte?

    <p>In the form of peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kind of diffusion is used for the absorption of monosaccharides?

    <p>Passive diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the brush border in the intestine?

    <p>Microvilli that increase surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the endopeptidase action during protein digestion in the stomach?

    <p>Pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of carbohydrate digestion?

    <p>Mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pancreatic enzyme is responsible for further carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?

    <p>Alpha-amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of enzyme is carboxypeptidase?

    <p>Metalloprotease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary products of protein digestion?

    <p>Amino acids, Di-peptides, and Tri-peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cleavage specificity of trypsin during protein digestion?

    <p>Adjacent to basic amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of starch is typically broken down in the mouth?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme hydrolyzes lactose into glucose and galactose?

    <p>Lactase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of linkages does pancreatic alpha-amylase act upon?

    <p>a1,4 linkages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes is NOT involved in carbohydrate digestion?

    <p>Trypsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which location does no carbohydrate digestion occur?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of enzyme is chymotrypsin classified as?

    <p>Serine protease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of brush border enzymes in carbohydrate digestion?

    <p>Hydrolyze disaccharides into monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about proteolytic enzymes is correct?

    <p>They are secreted as inactive zymogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymes are primarily responsible for digesting carbohydrates at the intestinal brush border?

    <p>Trehalase, Glucoamylase, Lactase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Na+/glucose co-transporter (SGLT1) in the absorption of monosaccharides?

    <p>Carries glucose against its concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the absorption of proteins in enterocytes?

    <p>Only free amino acids are directly absorbed into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism primarily drives the transport of monosaccharides into enterocytes?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion through GLUT5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of enterocytes enhances their ability to absorb nutrients?

    <p>Villus structure increasing surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the absorption mechanisms in the small intestine?

    <p>Multiple transport mechanisms work to absorb nutrients simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary role of the brush border enzymes in intestinal digestion?

    <p>To break down larger carbohydrates into smaller sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes a feature of epithelial cells in the intestine?

    <p>Microvilli increase the absorptive surface area dramatically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the enzyme pepsin is true?

    <p>It is secreted as a zymogen called pepsinogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What products are formed from the cleavage activity of carboxypeptidase A?

    <p>Hydrophobic amino acids at the C-terminus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme acts on terminal glycosidic bonds in carbohydrates?

    <p>Maltase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is true regarding the digestion of carbohydrates in the stomach?

    <p>Digestion completely halts in this organ.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does trypsin function during protein digestion?

    <p>It is an endopeptidase that acts on basic amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of the enzyme chymotrypsin in protein digestion?

    <p>It specifically targets peptide bonds near hydrophobic amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate processing enzyme is secreted by the pancreas?

    <p>Alpha-amylase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what manner do brush border enzymes assist carbohydrate digestion?

    <p>They hydrolyze disaccharides into monosaccharides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which products result from the action of pancreatic a-amylase?

    <p>Maltose and maltotriose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT a product of protein digestion?

    <p>Simple sugars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a role of salivary amylase?

    <p>Hydrolyzes starch into maltose and dextrin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cleavage specificity of elastase?

    <p>Adjacent to small amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is released as a zymogen and must be activated for function?

    <p>Chymotrypsinogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Protein Digestion

    • Protein digestion begins in the stomach and continues in the small intestine.
    • Pepsin is a protease enzyme released by the stomach's chief cells in the form of pepsinogen.
    • Pepsinogen is activated by Hydrochloric acid (HCl) to become active pepsin.
    • Pepsin is an endopeptidase that breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptides.
    • Small intestine protein digestion involves pancreatic enzymes released as zymogens.
    • These zymogens are activated by trypsin, which is itself activated by enteropeptidase.
    • Trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, and carboxypeptidases are the main enzymes in this process.
    • Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase are serine proteases that cleave peptide bonds at specific amino acid residues.
    • Carboxypeptidase A and B are metalloproteases (Zn2+ dependent) that remove amino acids from the C-terminus of peptides.
    • The products of protein digestion are amino acids, dipeptides, tripeptides, and tetrapeptides.

    Carbohydrate Digestion

    • Carbohydrate digestion primarily occurs in the mouth and small intestine.
    • Salivary amylase, secreted by salivary glands, starts the process by breaking down starch into maltose and dextrins in the mouth.
    • Pancreatic alpha amylase continues the digestion in the small intestine.
    • Pancreatic alpha-amylase is an endoglycosidase that hydrolyses alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch, producing maltose, maltotriose, and alpha-limit dextrins.
    • Brush border enzymes, including maltase, sucrase, lactase, and trehalase, further break down disaccharides into monosaccharides.
    • The final products of carbohydrate digestion are glucose, galactose, and fructose.

    Absorption

    • Absorption is the process of moving digested nutrients, water, and ions across the intestinal epithelial cells.
    • This process mainly takes place in the small intestine.
    • The small intestine is lined with villi, which increase the surface area for absorption.
    • Enterocytes, the epithelial cells lining the villi, have microvilli that further increase the surface area.
    • Absorption mechanisms include passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport.
    • Amino acids are absorbed into the enterocytes via a co-transporter coupled to the H+ gradient.
    • Monosaccharides are absorbed into the enterocytes predominantly by a Na+/glucose co-transporter (SGLT1) and a Na+ independent transporter (GLUT5).
    • Amino acids and monosaccharides are then transported across the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte into the interstitial fluid.
    • From there, they are transported to the liver via the hepatic portal vein.

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    Digestion and Absorption of Proteins & Carbohydrates PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge about the enzymes and mechanisms involved in carbohydrate and protein digestion. This quiz covers essential topics such as enzyme functions, absorption sites, and digestive processes within the intestine. Perfect for students studying nutrition or biology.

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