Carbidopa-Levodopa Flashcards

Study Notes

Drug Classification

Antiparkinson medication primarily used for dopamine replacement.

Mechanism of Action

Levodopa is transmitted to brain cells for conversion to dopamine.
Carbidopa inhibits the conversion of levodopa to dopamine outside the brain, enhancing its effectiveness and reducing peripheral side effects.

Nursing Considerations

Therapeutic effects may take 2 to 3 weeks, with a maximum of 6 months for full response.
Effectiveness may diminish after several years of use.

Patient Teachings

Administer at regular intervals and preferably with meals to enhance absorption.
Avoid driving until response to the drug is known.
Change body positions slowly to prevent dizziness.
Monitor for skin changes such as lesions.
Be aware of possible darkening of sweat, saliva, and urine.
Educate about potential adverse effects and the importance of reporting them.

Patient Monitoring

Regular checks for potential increases in glucose levels.
Monitor hepatic (liver) and renal (kidney) function to ensure safety.

Adverse Effects

Common effects include involuntary movements, palpitations, and orthostatic hypotension.
Serious concerns: urinary retention, priapism, psychosis, severe depression, hallucinations.
Life-threatening risks: agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, cardiac dysrhythmias, neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Drug-Drug Interactions

MAO inhibitors may lead to increased hypertension when combined.
Anticholinergics and antipsychotics can diminish the effectiveness of levodopa.

Therapeutic Effect

Primarily used to alleviate symptoms associated with tremor and rigidity in Parkinson's disease.

Contraindications

Not recommended for individuals with hypersensitivity, angle-closure glaucoma, or those taking MAO inhibitors.
Caution advised for patients with malignant melanoma, undiagnosed skin lesions, or sensitivities to tartrazine, phenylalanine, or aspartame.

Dosage

Typical oral dosage includes 25 mg of carbidopa combined with 100 mg of levodopa, taken three times daily.

Description

Dive into the essential aspects of Carbidopa-Levodopa (Sinemet) with this set of flashcards. Covering drug classification, mechanism of action, and nursing considerations, these cards serve as a quick reference for understanding this vital Parkinson's treatment. Perfect for nursing students and professionals alike.