Características Clínicas de la Anemia

Clinical Features of Anemia

• Asymptomatic: Some cases of anemia present no noticeable symptoms.
• Symptoms: Exertional dyspnea and fatigue can indicate anemia. Worsening angina pectoris can also be a symptom.
• Physical signs: Pallor, particularly on mucous membranes and conjunctivae, may be a characteristic feature. Growth impairment can occur in chronic anemia.
• Accompanying features: Symptoms vary based on the cause of anemia.
• Shock: Acute anemia may present with features of shock.
• Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA): IDA can be associated with pica (craving for unusual substances like ice or dirt), brittle nails, angular cheilitis, and atrophic glossitis.
• Megaloblastic Anemia: Oral sores, mucosal bleeding, paresthesias, and ataxia may accompany this type of anemia.
• Hemolysis: Symptoms related to hemolysis are not detailed.
• Hemorrhage: Signs of GI bleeding or menorrhagia may be present as a cause of anemia.
• Hyperdynamic state: Bounding pulses, tachycardia/palpitations, a flow murmur, and a pulsatile sound in the ear might be present due to an increased blood flow. Potential heart failure.
• Extramedullary hematopoiesis: In some severe, long-term forms of anemia (e.g., thalassemia, myelofibrosis), extramedullary hematopoiesis can occur, potentially leading to hepatosplenomegaly and a paravertebral mass, or widening of diploic spaces of the skull.