Capitalism and Socialism Overview
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Questions and Answers

In a capitalist system, what is the primary role of government according to the text?

  • To actively manage all aspects of the economy.
  • To ensure equal distribution of wealth.
  • To control the means of production collectively.
  • To have a limited role, primarily focusing on maintaining order and enabling free markets. (correct)

How does the concept of the 'invisible hand' relate to capitalism?

  • It suggests that individuals acting in their self-interest benefit the economy. (correct)
  • It advocates for complete government control over economic decisions.
  • It promotes strict regulations to ensure economic equality.
  • It is primarily concerned with minimizing consumer spending.

Why was 19th-century capitalism often viewed as unfair?

  • Because of the extreme wealth disparity it generated, creating distinct economic classes. (correct)
  • Because political power was equally distributed regardless of wealth.
  • Because it resulted in an equal distribution of wealth.
  • Because it hindered innovation, and created poverty.

What is the government's role in a socialist system as described in the text?

<p>To control almost all aspects of the economy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Marx, what would ultimately occur in a socialist society?

<p>The elimination of class struggle and formation of a classless society. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a communist system what is the governments role as described in the document?

<p>To directly manage the entire economy and distribution of goods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of a communist society?

<p>To create a completely classless society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the document, what was one defining characteristic of the Russian government during the time period discussed?

<p>A single-party system where the government was dominated by one party. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome from the strain placed on the Russian government immediately preceding the Revolution?

<p>A weakening of the government's authority and control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary role of the Cheka during the Russian Revolution?

<p>To operate as the Bolshevik's secret police, suppressing opposition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a cornerstone of Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP)?

<p>Incorporating capitalistic measures, like allowing limited private ownership (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor from the provided list, contributed most directly to the February Revolution of 1917?

<p>The discontent of the peasants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate challenge did Russian forces face on the eastern front during World War I?

<p>Lack of adequate supplies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate interpretation of the text when discussing the inevitability of the Russian Revolution?

<p>Internal issues made the revolution possible, regardless of WWI (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key theoretical contribution of the Bolsheviks regarding the readiness of the Russian working class for revolution?

<p>The working class needed guidance to achieve a successful revolution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant result of the political repression and social inequalities in pre-revolutionary Russia?

<p>Contributing to broad dissatisfaction, and possibly eventual revolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Capitalism

An economic system where individuals own and control the means of production, competing freely in the market.

Invisible Hand

The idea that individual self-interest and competition in the market, guided by an invisible hand, leads to overall economic prosperity.

Socialism

A system where the government controls and manages all aspects of the economy, including production, distribution, and services.

Communism

A system where the government owns and controls all means of production and distribution, aiming for a classless society.

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Marxist View of Capitalism

The belief that in a capitalist system, the wealthy class (bourgeoisie) exploits the working class (proletariat) for their own benefit.

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Communist State

A system where the government directly controls all aspects of the economy, including production, distribution, and services, aiming for a classless society.

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What was the Russian Revolution?

The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social upheaval in Russia from 1917 to 1923, resulting in the overthrow of the Tsarist autocracy and the establishment of the Soviet Union.

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How did WWI contribute to the Russian Revolution?

The Russian government was already weak before the revolution due to factors like economic hardship and political repression. The war further strained resources and public support.

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What was Lenin's position on the Russian Revolution?

Lenin believed that the Russian working class was not yet ready for a revolution, but it was necessary to lead them to it through the use of force and oppression.

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What was the Cheka?

The Cheka was the Bolshevik secret police, responsible for suppressing opposition through violence and executions.

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What was the New Economic Policy (NEP)?

Lenin's New Economic Policy aimed to revive the Russian economy by temporarily allowing private ownership of businesses, balancing socialist ideals with capitalist measures.

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Would the Russian Revolution have happened without WWI?

Despite the lack of WWII, the Russian Revolution might have occurred due to various internal issues, like political repression, economic hardship, and social inequality.

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What challenges did Russian troops face in WWI?

Major problems faced by Russian troops on the Eastern Front during WWI included lack of manpower, supplies, and effective leadership.

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How did Rasputin contribute to the downfall of the Tsar?

Rasputin's influence on the Tsarina and his controversial lifestyle caused a scandal that further damaged the Tsar's reputation and legitimacy.

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Study Notes

Capitalism

  • Characterized by private ownership of industry, freedom of competition, and unequal economic classes.
  • Government's role is limited, with a focus on the "invisible hand" concept, where the market regulates itself.

Capitalism vs. 19th Century Unfairness

  • Capitalism was viewed as unfair due to extreme wealth disparities.

Government Role in Socialism

  • The government controls nearly all aspects of the economy in socialist systems.

Marx's Socialist Vision

  • Marx believed the means of production should be collectively owned by the people, leading to a classless society.

Communism

  • In communism, the government controls the entire economy directly, managing the distribution of goods and services.
  • The goal is a classless society.

Russian Revolution Causes

  • Tsar Nicholas II's actions eroded public trust and created a power vacuum.
  • World War I placed immense strain on the Russian economy and government, leading to widespread hardship and unrest.
  • The February Revolution (1917) was a catalyst for change and contributed significantly to the Bolshevik Revolution.

Russian Revolution Marxist Adaptations

  • Lenin adapted Marxist ideas to the Russian context, arguing that a proletariat revolution was necessary to overthrow the existing government.

Lenin's Economic Policy

  • Lenin's New Economic Policy incorporated some capitalist measures, allowing private ownership of small-scale industries and encouraging trade to stimulate economic recovery.

World War I Impact

  • The war significantly contributed to the Russian Revolution.
  • The war placed immense strain on the Russian economy, leading to shortages, loss of life, and public discontent.

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Studying for Test: Capitalism and Russian Revolution Notes PDF

Description

Explore the fundamentals of capitalism and socialism, including their key characteristics, the role of government, and the criticism each system faces. Understand the historical context of these economic theories and their impact on society, particularly in relation to the Russian Revolution and Marx's vision for a classless society.

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