Questions and Answers
What stage of Capillaria philippinensis is capable of autoinfection?
Which characteristic distinguishes the eggs of Capillaria philippinensis?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with intestinal capillariasis?
What is the initial environment required for Capillaria philippinensis eggs to hatch?
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What is the typical time frame for Capillaria philippinensis larvae to develop into adult worms in a suitable vertebrate after ingestion?
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Which type of animal serves as the natural host for Capillaria philippinensis?
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How are Capillaria philippinensis larvae introduced into humans?
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What kind of structure is the esophagus of Capillaria philippinensis characterized by?
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What is the primary mode of infection for philippinensis?
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Which symptom is NOT associated with philippinensis infection?
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In which region of the Philippines was philippinensis first discovered?
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Which method is NOT typically used for diagnosing philippinensis?
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What is an effective treatment strategy for philippinensis infection?
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Which of the following outcomes can occur if philippinensis is left untreated?
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What is the potential fatal consequence of philippinensis infection?
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Which of the following regions is NOT considered endemic for philippinensis in the Philippines?
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What is the primary method by which humans become infected with Trichinella spiralis?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended prevention strategy for Trichinella infections?
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During its life cycle, where do adult Trichinella worms thrive in the host?
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What is the role of encysted larvae of Trichinella spiralis in human hosts?
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What is the average lifespan of a Trichinella larva in the human body?
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Which Trichinella species is regarded as the most important causative agent of Trichinosis?
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What type of hosts are humans considered in the transmission cycle of Trichinella spiralis?
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What happens to the larvae of Trichinella spiralis after they penetrate the mucosa of the intestines in humans?
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Study Notes
Capillaria philippinensis Overview
- Severe pathology associated with high worm burden.
- Autoinfection can exacerbate condition.
Epidemiology
- First identified in 1960s, Tagudin, Ilocos Norte, Philippines.
- Recent cases reported in Mankayo, Compostela Valley, and an epidemic in Leyte.
- Isolated cases found in Thailand, Iran, and Egypt.
Endemic Regions in the Philippines
- Commonly found in Northern Luzon, Eastern Visayas, Western Mindanao, Southern Mindanao, and Northern Mindanao.
- Modes of infection primarily through consumption of raw freshwater fish.
Pathology and Symptoms
- Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, borborygmi, weight loss, malaise, vomiting, and anorexia.
- Severe protein loss leads to bipedal edema and metabolic imbalances.
- Malabsorption of fats and sugars; risk of potassium deficiency.
- Untreated infections can be fatal.
Diagnosis
- Characteristic eggs detected in feces.
- Presence of larvae and adult worms possible.
- Diagnosis methods: direct smear, wet mount, stool concentration, or aspiration from duodenum.
Treatment
- Recommended high-protein diet and electrolyte replacement.
- Administration of antidiarrheal drugs.
- Mebendazole: 200 mg twice daily for 20 days.
- Albendazole: 400 mg for treatment.
Parasitic Zoonosis
- Defined as diseases that transmit naturally between animals and humans, including various protozoans, helminths, and arthropods.
Capillaria philippinensis Characteristics
- Adult male worms range from 1.5 – 3.9 mm; females from 2.5 – 5.3 mm.
- Oviparous and viviparous forms present.
- Worm anatomy includes a thin anterior end and thick posterior end; esophagus lined with stichocytes.
Egg Characteristics
- Peanut-shaped with a striated shell, measuring 36 – 45 µm by 20 µm.
- Eggs can embryonate in soil or water.
Life Cycle
- Adult worms reside in the upper small intestine, laying eggs/larvae.
- Eggs embryonate in fresh or brackish water, ingested by freshwater fish, leading to infection.
- Suitable vertebrates, including humans, ingest infected fish, allowing larvae to mature into adults within two weeks.
- Larvae produced can lead to autoinfection.
Prevention and Control
- Avoiding consumption of raw fish is crucial.
- Implementation of good sanitation practices.
- Treatment for all infected individuals and public education in endemic regions.
Trichinella spp. Overview
- Trichinella spiralis is the most notable species causing Trichinosis.
- Infection occurs through consumption of raw or undercooked meat, predominantly pork.
Life Cycle of Trichinella
- Inhabits the intestines of animals, producing larvae that penetrate mucosa and encyst in muscle tissues.
- Humans become infected via flesh containing encysted larvae; larvae then mature in the human intestine.
- Larvae can remain viable for 5 to 10 years, with some cases lasting up to 40 years.
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Description
This quiz provides an overview of Capillaria philippinensis, focusing on its pathology, epidemiology, and endemic regions, particularly in the Philippines. Learn about its symptoms, modes of infection, and diagnostic methods. Test your knowledge of this parasitic infection and its implications.
