Cannabinoids and Their Effects
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What is the primary medical use of Cannabidiol?

  • To treat loss of appetite in people with AIDS (correct)
  • To increase appetite in healthy individuals
  • To induce sleep in insomnia patients
  • To alleviate headaches and migraines

    • Which method of consumption does not produce smoke or odor?

  • Vaporization (correct)
  • Oral (capsules)
  • Topical application
  • Smoking

    • Which of the following is NOT affected by THC?

  • Sensory perception
  • Pleasure centers of the brain
  • Digestion speed (correct)
  • Coordinated movement

    • How can Cannabidiol be administered?

    <p>Through various methods including oils and edibles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sensation is produced when THC overstimulates certain parts of the brain?

    <p>Euphoria or 'high'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cannabinoid receptor is primarily found throughout the neuronal system?

    <p>CB1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect might result from lasting impairment after marijuana use?

    <p>Difficulty learning new skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary role of CBD at CB1 receptors?

    <p>Preventing THC from binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'cannabis' primarily refer to?

    <p>The plant Cannabis sativa L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synthetic cannabinoids, such as Spice or K2, are known for which of the following characteristics?

    <p>Chemical similarity to cannabis compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cannabinoid is the major psychoactive ingredient in cannabis?

    <p>Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors in the basal ganglia and cerebellum are linked to sedation and movement effects?

    <p>CB1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the THC content range typically found in hashish?

    <p>20-60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive effects are associated with problems in the processing of information due to marijuana use?

    <p>Poor concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a life-threatening health effect associated with the use of synthetic cannabinoids?

    <p>Severe respiratory distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a synonym for marijuana?

    <p>Kief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain is particularly involved with perceptual and cognitive effects due to the presence of CB1 receptors?

    <p>Hippocampus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cannabis plant is primarily processed to create hashish?

    <p>Buds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the psychoactive effect of cannabis influence a person?

    <p>It alters mood, thoughts, and perceptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates marijuana from hashish?

    <p>Hashish is a product made from cannabis resin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms describes the hair-like structures on cannabis buds?

    <p>Trichomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between THC and CBD?

    <p>THC is intoxicating, while CBD is non-intoxicating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Delta-8 THC associated with?

    <p>It can lead to medical emergencies in high doses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following products is Marinol® categorized as?

    <p>A prescription medication with active CBD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plants are primarily used for their textile fibers and edible oils?

    <p>Hemp plants containing very small amounts of delta-9 THC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common side effects of CBD?

    <p>Drowsiness and diarrhea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound found in cannabis is mainly responsible for intoxication?

    <p>Delta-9 THC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about CBD is inaccurate?

    <p>CBD can lead to intoxication similar to THC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk of consuming high amounts of Delta-8 THC products?

    <p>Breathing problems and medical emergencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common short-term effect of cannabis use?

    <p>Increased appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reported short-term effect of cannabis?

    <p>Large airway inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a psychological side effect of consuming a large amount of cannabis?

    <p>Hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following effects is typically associated with high levels of THC in cannabis?

    <p>Elevated heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential long-term health risk related to cannabis smoking?

    <p>Respiratory issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health risk relates to cardiovascular effects of long-term cannabis use?

    <p>Increased risk of arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which short-term effect may be experienced due to cannabis consumption?

    <p>Dry mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible mental effect of cannabis intoxication?

    <p>Impaired time perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain after long-term cannabis use?

    <p>Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gastrointestinal issues is NOT mentioned as a potential effect of cannabis use?

    <p>Celiac disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance is hashish primarily made from?

    <p>THC-rich resin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is hashish primarily sourced from?

    <p>Middle East and North Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant health risk associated with long-term cannabis use?

    <p>Increased cancer risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is considered stronger than marijuana due to its concentrated form?

    <p>Hashish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between hashish and hashish oil?

    <p>Hashish is a solid form while hashish oil is a liquid extract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent effect of a drop of hashish oil compared to marijuana?

    <p>Equal to a single marijuana joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Marijuana (Cannabis) Overview

    • Marijuana (also called cannabis) refers to dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds of the Cannabis sativa L plant. This plant contains at least 125 different cannabinoids, including delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive component.
    • THC has intoxicating effects, temporarily altering mood, thoughts, and perceptions.
    • Hashish is a resin extracted from the leaves, protecting them from the sun's drying rays.

    Types of Cannabis Products

    • Cannabis, weed, marijuana, and hemp are often used interchangeably, although the Opium Act differentiates.
    • Weed/marijuana is made from dried buds and leaves of the cannabis plant, typically containing 25-30% THC.
    • Hashish (often shortened to hash) is produced from the resin of the cannabis plant buds and is compressed into a sticky brown substance, with a THC concentration of 20-60%. It is typically stronger than marijuana.

    Marijuana Basics - Common Forms

    • Images are available showing different forms of marijuana, including dried buds and a compressed, darker substance.

    Trichomes and Hashish

    • Trichomes are hair-like structures on the cannabis plant (visually exemplified).
    • These trichomes are compressed/processed to form hashish.

    Other Names for Marijuana

    • A variety of common names for marijuana were presented in a bulleted list. This list included slang terms and informal names.

    Marijuana Chemical Components

    • Marijuana contains approximately 100 cannabinoids plus other chemicals in varying concentrations.
    • Specific cannabinoids like THC, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol; delta-9-tetrahydrocannabivarin, delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol; cannabigerol; cannabinol; cannabichromene and cannabidiol (CBD) were highlighted.
    • Chemical structures (images) are accompanying these cannabinoids.

    CBD

    • CBD is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid often marketed for various uses.
    • CBD is found in Cannabis sativa L but usually in very small concentrations without the intoxicating effects of THC.
    • Hemp plants generally contain low amounts of delta-9 THC.

    Delta-8 THC

    • Delta-8 THC is a psychoactive cannabinoid derived from the cannabis plant
    • Delta-8 THC products are not FDA approved for safe use. Overconsumption may lead to serious health problems up to and including acute medical emergencies.

    Marinol®

    • Marinol® is a Schedule III controlled substance containing the cannabinoid CBD, taken as a pill.
    • It is prescribed for medical purposes, including treating appetite loss associated with AIDS and to reduce nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy.

    How Marijuana is Taken

    • Marijuana can be taken in various ways, including smoking, vaporization, oral ingestion (e.g., oils, capsules, edibles, tinctures, lozenges), topical applications, and suppositories.
    • Vaping devices are a popular new method for consuming marijuana, often marketed as "G-Pens." These pens emit no smoke or odor.

    Marijuana, the Brain, and Impairment

    • THC affects cannabinoid receptors in the brain, influencing pleasure, memory, thinking, and movement. Over-stimulation of these receptors causes the "high" effect.
    • The effects of being "high" include memory problems, difficulty processing information, decreased sensory perception and coordination issues, and poor concentration.
    • Lasting impairments can include difficulty with complex tasks, learning new skills, maintaining alertness and attention, and recalling information.

    THC Mechanism Of Action (MOA)

    • There are two known cannabinoid receptors: CB1 and CB2.
    • CB1 receptors are throughout the central nervous system, and CB2 receptors are in the immune system.
    • THC acts as an agonist of the CB1 receptor.
    • Different areas of the brain and spinal cord may be influenced by these receptors. These effects include perceptual and cognitive effects, sedation, motor movement, and analgesia.

    CBD Mechanism Of Action (MOA)

    • CBD acts as a negative allosteric modulator of CB1 receptors, preventing THC from binding to them.

    Synthetic Cannabinoids

    • Synthetic cannabinoids chemically resemble naturally occurring cannabis compounds, but they may possess a significantly higher concentration of psychoactive substances.
    • They are also known as Spice and K2.
    • Use of synthetic cannabinoids can cause severe, potentially life-threatening health problems.

    Short-Term Effects of Marijuana

    • Intoxication, causing feelings of happiness, relaxation, impaired thinking, and memory.
    • Anxiety, fear, distrust, panic, and hallucinations, heightened by larger amounts or infrequent use.
    • Physical side effects, including increased appetite, nausea, vomiting, elevated heart rate, respiratory problems, and more.
    • Short-term effects may include specific symptoms such as red eyes, dry mouth, altered perception, impaired motor coordination, paranoia, and delayed reaction time.

    Long-Term Health Risks of Marijuana

    • Lung health issues (e.g., airway inflammation and chronic bronchitis).
    • Cardiovascular issues (e.g., increased risk of stroke, heart attack, and arrhythmias).
    • Gastrointestinal issues (e.g., cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, acid reflux, pancreatitis, peptic ulcer disease).
    • Increased risk of certain cancers (e.g., head, neck, and throat).

    Other Drugs with Similar Effects

    • Hashish and hashish oil are made from THC-rich cannabis resin, are similar to marijuana, but often considered stronger. These substances are extracted and processed in various forms (balls, cakes, sheets) and often smoked from pipes or mixed with tobacco in cigarettes.
    • Hashish is commonly produced in the Middle East, North Africa, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.

    Hashish Oil

    • Hashish oil is pure cannabis resin extracted from the cannabis plant, using a solvent-based extraction process.
    • The color and odor of the extract vary based on the solvent used for extraction.
    • A drop or two of hashish oil on a cigarette is roughly comparable to a marijuana joint.

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    Marijuana (Cannabis) Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the medical uses of Cannabidiol (CBD) and Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Test your knowledge on consumption methods, effects on the brain, and cannabinoid receptors. Perfect for those studying cannabis in a medical context!

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