25 Questions
Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus to initiate the reproductive cycle?
GnRH
What is the term for the time from the beginning of one heat period to the beginning of the next in the estrous cycle?
Diestrous
What brings about sexual receptiveness in females during the estrous cycle?
Ratio of estrogen to progesterone
In which part of the estrous cycle is the female in 'heat' and sexually receptive?
Estrus
What is the term for the first ovulation occurrence in females, often accompanied by signs of heat?
Puberty
Which gland releases gonadotropins FSH and LH during the reproductive cycle?
Pituitary
What triggers ovulation in female dogs?
Sudden spike of LH
Which hormone stimulates FSH release in female dogs?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
What characterizes proestrus in female dogs?
Serosanguinous vaginal discharge
Where does fertilization occur in female dogs?
Last part of the oviduct
What is the duration of diestrus in female dogs?
About 60 days
When does the maturation of sperm occur in male dogs?
In the tail of the epididymis
What is the approximate duration of anestrus in dogs?
90-120 days
Which cells reappear during vaginal cytology in diestrus in dogs?
Intermediate and parabasal cells
What is the recommended time for natural breeding in dogs based on progesterone concentration?
When progesterone reaches 2ng/mL
What is the duration of gestation in dogs from fertilization?
60-63 days
Which type of placenta do dogs have?
Endotheliochorial
When is veterinary intervention recommended for dystocia in dogs?
If there is no progress after 30 minutes of strong, continual contractions
What is a potential emergency postpartum problem in canines, more common in smaller breeds, with symptoms like tremors, excitation, hyperthermia, and convulsions?
Eclampsia (hypocalcemia)
What is a life-threatening emergency postpartum problem in canines, with symptoms like lethargy, depression, and vomiting?
Pyometra
What should be suspected if vulvar discharge in canines lasts for 12 weeks or more?
Subinvolution of placental sites (SIPS)
What characterizes estrus in queens?
Rolling, lordosis posture, and anorexia
When is breeding recommended after in queens?
After day 3 of estrus
How long does gestation last in queens?
63 days
What is not common in queens and can be caused by fetal or maternal factors, requiring cesarean section if there is no progress within a reasonable time or if the queen or fetus is distressed?
Dystocia
Study Notes
Canine and Feline Reproductive Health
- Canine postpartum problems include normal long uterine involution period and normal vulvar discharge lasting 8-10 weeks after whelping
- Subinvolution of placental sites (SIPS) should be suspected if vulvar discharge lasts for 12 weeks or more
- Emergency postpartum problems in canines include metritis and mastitis, leading to foul-smelling vaginal discharge and the need for supplemental hand-feeding of puppies
- Eclampsia (hypocalcemia) is an emergency postpartum problem in canines, more common in smaller breeds, with symptoms like tremors, excitation, hyperthermia, and convulsions
- Pyometra, a uterine infection, is a life-threatening emergency postpartum problem in canines, with symptoms like lethargy, depression, and vomiting
- Feline reproductive cycle is affected by long photoperiods, with most queens having estrous cycles during spring
- Estrus in queens is characterized by increased vocalization, rolling, lordosis posture, and anorexia, with no vulvar discharge
- Breeding is recommended after day 3 of estrus in queens, with LH released within minutes of copulation and multiple breedings recommended for pregnancy
- Gestation in queens lasts 63 days, with observable signs of pregnancy including increased size of teats, mammary enlargement, and weight gain
- Pregnancy diagnosis in queens can be done through abdominal palpation, ultrasound, and radiography at different stages of gestation
- Parturition in queens involves building nests, uterine contractions, fetal movements, lactational secretion, delivery of fetuses, and passing of placentas
- Dystocia in queens is not common and can be caused by fetal or maternal factors, requiring cesarean section if there is no progress within a reasonable time or if the queen or fetus is distressed.
Test your knowledge on canine and feline reproductive health with this quiz covering postpartum problems, estrus cycles, pregnancy diagnosis, and more. Brush up on emergency postpartum issues in canines and learn about the feline reproductive cycle, gestation, and parturition.
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