Canine and Feline Reproduction

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Questions and Answers

Why are queens considered seasonally polyestrous?

  • They cycle continuously throughout the year regardless of photoperiod.
  • They exhibit multiple estrous cycles during periods of increasing light. (correct)
  • They have a prolonged anestrus period due to increasing day length.
  • They ovulate spontaneously without any external stimuli.

If a queen does not mate during estrus, what stage of the cycle will she enter?

  • Anoestrus, characterized by basal levels of estradiol and progesterone.
  • Prooestrus, preparing for mating with rising oestradiol concentrations.
  • Dioestrus, characterized by high progesterone levels.
  • Postoestrus (interoestrus), characterized by an absence of CL formation. (correct)

How long after coitus does induced ovulation typically occur in queens?

  • 29-40 hours after coitus. (correct)
  • 24-48 hours after mating.
  • Within 12 hours after mating.
  • Immediately after mating.

What is the most critical factor for inducing an LH surge and subsequent ovulation in queens?

<p>Multiple copulations are necessary. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When performing artificial insemination (AI) in cats, what is a key factor to consider for successful fertilization?

<p>Induction of ovulation of the oestrous female. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of placenta do cats have, and what are its distinctive features?

<p>Zonary and endotheliochorial; with brown marginal hematomas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the earliest time after mating that pregnancy can be detected via ultrasound in cats?

<p>From D16-25 after mating, confirming heart beat. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does parturition in cats typically differ from that in dogs?

<p>Queening is usually short (1h). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the normal duration for parturition in cats, and what indicates a cause for concern?

<p>Duration of 16.1 + 14.3 h (4-42 h); after 68-71 days; forceful and persistence contractions in 5 min without the birth of a kitten. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key clinical signs indicate stage 2 of normal parturition in cats?

<p>Kittens are born, interval between kittens is 5-60 min or more! (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical interestrus interval in the bitch?

<p>5-11 months. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of the canine oestrous cycle does the bitch accept mating?

<p>Oestrus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a reliable method for determining optimal breeding time in bitches?

<p>Combining vaginal cytology, speculum examination, and progesterone levels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change occurs during prooestrus?

<p>Cellular debris and erythrocytes are prominent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological event directly results from the 'copulation tie' in canines?

<p>Prolonged sperm drainage and high-pressure insemination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does gestation length in bitches vary when calculated from the day of the LH peak versus from mating to parturition?

<p>Gestation length is longer from mating to parturition than from the LH peak. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What’s a key indication of stage 1 canine parturition?

<p>Cervical relaxation and dilation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if strong straining fails to produce a puppy in the bitch?

<p>Intervene due to potential dystocia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pseudopregnancy?

<p>False pregnancy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ovariohysterectomy?

<p>Surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Feline Oestrous Cycle

Queens are seasonally polyoestrous, induced ovulators, cycling in response to increasing light. Ovulation is induced by coitus.

Anoestrus in Cats

Seasonally absence of follicle activity in late fall and winter, with basal levels of oestradiol and progesterone.

Mating Behavior in Queens

Crouching, lordosis, tail to the side, vocalization, and restlessness. During coitus, the tom mounts and bites her neck

Ovulation Induction in Cats

LH is released from the pituitary within minutes of coitus, inducing ovulation 24-48 hours later.

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Managing Natural Breeding

Bringing the queen to the tom's territory, ensuring >14 hours of light per day, and allowing repeated matings.

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Feline Pregnancy Duration

From mating 52-74 days or Average 63-65 days. Implantation occurs 12-13 days after ovulation.

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Methods for Pregnancy Diagnosis

Palpation (D21-25 to D35), Serology relaxin (D20-31), Ultrasound (D16-25), and Radiography (D45).

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Clinical Signs of Parturition

Purring, restlessness, nesting behavior, and a semi-squatting position.

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Normal Parturition Stages

Uterine contractions/cervix opens, kittens born (5-60 min intervals), fetal membranes expelled.

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Characteristics of Normal Parturition

Duration: 16.1 + 14.3 h. Litter size: average 4

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Signs of Dystocia

No signs of parturition after >68-71 days, abnormal fetal position, painful contractions without progress.

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Anoestrus

The period of sexual quiescence between successive periods of sexual activity in cyclically breeding mammals.

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Dioestrus

The period of the oestrous cycle following metoestrus, in which the corpus luteum is the dominant structure.

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Oestrus

The period of the oestrous cycle immediately following prooestrus, in which the female is receptive to the male.

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Prooestrus

The period of the oestrous cycle immediately preceding oestrus, characterized by follicular development and increasing oestrogen secretion.

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Postoestrus

The period of non-receptivity between two oestrus cycles in an animal that does not ovulate.

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Study Notes

  • To ensure pregnancy, repeat mating with repetition for 4-5 times with 30 mins interlogue.
  • If a cat is not pregnant in November, and hasn't returned to a regular cycle, then pseudopregnancy is at play.
  • If cats are disturbed or stressed, they can cease labor and move the nest and kittens for up to 24 hours.

Canine Reproduction

  • German Shepherds exhibit lots of cycles.
  • Proestrus and oestrus are indicated by a thickened epithelium.
  • Characteristics of oestrus include thick, angulated, and pale appearance.
  • Characteristics of dioestrus/anoestrus include pink, moist, and thin appearance.
  • It is important to wait two days to allow oocyte maturation.
  • Inseminate on ovulation day and then 2 days later for best results
  • If a bitch is in oestrus, wait 2 days before mating.
  • if relaxin tests result in a negative, it may have to repeat if negative as false negatives are possible with early tests or bitches that produce reduced hormone.
  • The number in parentheses is for first time whelpers during pregnancy.

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